Male Circumcision: A Social And Medical Misconception Essay -- essays

potent Circumcision A hearty and Medical MisconceptionUniversity of Johns HopkinsIntroductionMale circumcision is defined as a functional performance in which the prepuceof the penis is degage from the glands and excised. (Mosby, 1986) Dating asfar back as 2800 BC, circumcision has been performed as a part of sacredceremony, as a puberty or prenuptial rite, as a disciplinary measure, as areprieve against the virulent effects of vaginal blood, and as a mark of slavery.(Milos & Macris, 1992) In the United States, protagonism of circumcision wasperpetuated amid the Victorian belief that circumcision served as a rectifyagainst the ills of masturbation and general disease. (Lund, 1990) Thescientific residential area further reinforced these beliefs by reporting the relative incidenceof hygiene-related urogenital disorders to be higher in uncircumcised men.Circumcision is at drive home a societal norm in the United States. Routinecircumcision is the roughly all-encompass ingly unspoiled pediatric surgery and an estimated oneto one-and-a-half million newborns, or 80 to 90 percent of the population, arecircumcised. (Lund, 1990) Despite these statistics, circumcision still remain a motion of great debate. The medical community is examining the need for a running(a) procedure that is historically based on sacred and heathenish doctrineand non of medical necessity. Possible complications of circumcision includehemorrh long time, contagion, surgical trauma, and pain. (Gelbaum, 1992) Unless unassailable medical indications exist, wherefore should male person infants be exposed to theserisks? In essence, our baseball club has perpetuated an unnecessary surgical procedurethat permanently alters a normal, healthy physical structure part.This paper examines the literary productions surrounding the debate over circumcision,delineates the flaws that exist in the research, and discusses the curbs rolein the circumcision debate.Review of LiteratureMany s tudies performed worldwide enkindle a descent between lack ofcircumcision and urinary tract infection (UTI). In 1982, Ginsberg and McCracken exposit a case series of infants five eld to eight months of age hospitalizedwith UTI. (Thompson, 1990) Of the total infant population hospitalized with UTI,sixty-two were males and that three were circumcised. (Thompson, 1990) base onthis learning, the researchers speculated that, "the uncircumcised male hasan increased susceptibili... ...a cultural and religious ritual and has been maintained over the decades despite the risks associated with this nonessential,surgical procedure. The current literary works does not proclaim a need forcircumcision in the neonate. However, circumcision in the male neonate get outcontinue to be a topic of wide debate until the risks net be shown, without adoubt, to outweigh the benefits. Circumcision has sincerely occasion a affable norm inour country that the medical community attempts to just ify with languid andinaccurate research.According to the ANA, it is not the role of the nurse to decide for the upraise on the need for circumcision in the infant. Rather, it is the nursesrole to present all of the information in an unbiased manner and remain an press of the rights of the patient. Nurses need to realistically analyze thedata available and decide if they truly are an advocate, or are merely followingin the locomote of their colleagues.ReferencesAmerican Nurses joining (1991). Standards of clinical nursingpractice. Washington, D.C. American Nurses Association.Gelbaum, I. (1992). Circumcision to educate not indoctrinate-amandate for assured nurse-midwives. Journal of Nurse- Male Circumcision A Social And Medical Misconception Essay -- essays Male Circumcision A Social and Medical MisconceptionUniversity of Johns HopkinsIntroductionMale circumcision is defined as a surgical procedure in which the prepuceof the penis is separated from the glands and excised. (Mosby, 1986) Dating asfar back as 2800 BC, circumcision has been performed as a part of religiousceremony, as a puberty or premarital rite, as a disciplinary measure, as areprieve against the toxic effects of vaginal blood, and as a mark of slavery.(Milos & Macris, 1992) In the United States, advocacy of circumcision wasperpetuated amid the Victorian belief that circumcision served as a remedyagainst the ills of masturbation and systemic disease. (Lund, 1990) Thescientific community further reinforced these beliefs by reporting the incidenceof hygiene-related urogenital disorders to be higher in uncircumcised men.Circumcision is now a societal norm in the United States. Routinecircumcision is the most widely practiced pediatric surgery and an estimated oneto one-and-a-half million newborns, or 80 to 90 percent of the population, arecircumcised. (Lund, 1990) Despite these statistics, circumcision still remains atopic of great debate. The medical community is examining t he need for asurgical procedure that is historically based on religious and cultural doctrineand not of medical necessity. Possible complications of circumcision includehemorrhage, infection, surgical trauma, and pain. (Gelbaum, 1992) Unlessabsolute medical indications exist, why should male infants be exposed to theserisks? In essence, our society has perpetuated an unnecessary surgical procedurethat permanently alters a normal, healthy body part.This paper examines the literature surrounding the debate over circumcision,delineates the flaws that exist in the research, and discusses the nurses rolein the circumcision debate.Review of LiteratureMany studies performed worldwide suggest a relationship between lack ofcircumcision and urinary tract infection (UTI). In 1982, Ginsberg and McCrackendescribed a case series of infants five days to eight months of age hospitalizedwith UTI. (Thompson, 1990) Of the total infant population hospitalized with UTI,sixty-two were males and only thre e were circumcised. (Thompson, 1990) Based onthis information, the researchers speculated that, "the uncircumcised male hasan increased susceptibili... ...a cultural and religious ritual and has beenmaintained over the decades despite the risks associated with this nonessential,surgical procedure. The current literature does not reveal a need forcircumcision in the neonate. However, circumcision in the male neonate willcontinue to be a topic of wide debate until the risks can be shown, without adoubt, to outweigh the benefits. Circumcision has truly become a social norm inour country that the medical community attempts to justify with weak andinaccurate research.According to the ANA, it is not the role of the nurse to decide for theparent on the need for circumcision in the infant. Rather, it is the nursesrole to present all of the information in an unbiased manner and remain anadvocate of the rights of the patient. Nurses need to realistically analyze thedata available and dec ide if they truly are an advocate, or are merely followingin the steps of their colleagues.ReferencesAmerican Nurses Association (1991). Standards of clinical nursingpractice. Washington, D.C. American Nurses Association.Gelbaum, I. (1992). Circumcision to educate not indoctrinate-amandate for certified nurse-midwives. Journal of Nurse-