The War between USA and Japan - Free Essay Example

The US dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945. A lot of questions still linger why President Harry Truman ordered for the use of the atomic bomb on the Japanese. However, looking at the circumstances, several reasons may have necessitated the presidents decision. First, the war was taking long to end with many American casualties, and the president was determined to end the war once and for all (Browne). The Japanese forces were not surrendering anytime soon, and with the increasingly adverse effects of the war on the economy and other aspects of the society, the president made the bold decision. There were also fears that the entry of the Soviet Union into the war would escalate the issue hence the need to bring the war to lasting end. The president also ordered the bombing due to wide support he received both from his top advisors and the American public. Before the bombing, President Truman had constituted a committee to deliberate on the issue and give way forward. The committee was chaired Secretary of War Henry Stimson. The deliberations produced wide consensus backing the decision to use the atomic bomb on the Japanese city (Browne). The American public also supported the government decision since the prolonged effects of the war were adversely affecting them. The US had also made advancements in bomb technology and had recently developed the atomic bomb. The Japanese war, therefore, provided an excellent ground for testing the effectiveness of the weapon (Kaiser). The scientist making who were taking part in the developing of the latest nuclear technology recommended the use of the bomb as a tool to review what needed to be done in improving the weaponry technology for the US military (Lindee 673). The president, therefore, consented to the test and ordered the bomb dropped. Even though the president used the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, it might not have been the best decision due to the number of innocent civilians who were killed during the event. One of the reasons for using the atomic bomb was the reduction of the casualties that were as resulting from the war both from the American and Japanese military (Kaiser). However, the war ended up causing massive civilian casualty killing children and women were not significant in the war. According to Browne, approximately 70,000 people were killed in the initial blast which a high number considering the number of casualties that could have resulted if other alternative means were used. The action of dropping the atomic bomb was also not the right decision considering that president and his advisors knew the devastating health effects of exposing people to nuclear elements. Scientifically, exposure to these harmful chemical results in cancer, birth defects for children and gene mutations that have a long-lasting impact on the populating (Hata, Imanishi and Miyazaki 408). Browne outlines that over 70,000 other people died gradually as a result of the bomb. The total deaths from that war can go beyond 200,000 since cancer, and other mutations took hold of the Japanese population (Hata, Imanishi and Miyazaki 410). The Japanese forces were not surrendering soon even though they were already defeated hence the use of the atomic bomb. However, the other alternative to end the war was a military invasion of all the Japanese cities and islands. Unfortunately, this scenario would have caused more destruction and deaths compared the military bomb option (Lindee 675). The president and the members of the atomic bomb committee considered all these alternatives before settling on the use of the bombs. In conclusion, the action of President Harry Truman ordering the bomb was justified since it brought an immediate end to the war between America and Japan. However, the president could have considered the devastating impacts of the nuclear arsenal before executing the action. However, considering that the military invasion option to invasion could have created severe destruction and more casualties, the use the bomb may have been the best option. Works Cited Browne, Ryan. Why Did The U.S. Bomb Hiroshima?. CNN. N.p., 2016. Web. 5 Dec. 2017. Kaiser, David. Why The United States Dropped Atomic Bombs In 1945. Time. N.p., 2016. Web. 5 Dec. 2017. Lindee, Susan. Atomic Tragedy: Henry L. Stimson And The Decision To Use The Bomb Against Japan. Peace Change 35.4 (2010): 673-675. Web. Hata, Tomoko, Daisuke Imanishi, and Yasushi Miyazaki. Lessons From The Atomic Bomb About Secondary MDS. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports 9.4 (2014): 407-411. Web.

Weight Watchers Swot Analysis Essay - 1644 Words

Strengths * Brand Recognition * Patented Points Program * Science Based Approach/Clinically Proven Results * Multiple Support Options * History of successful Weight Loss * Multiple Payment Options * Flexible Meal Plans * Face to Face Support Groups * Located in 30 Countries and on the Web | Weaknesses * Slow Weight Loss * Costly over time * Successful weight loss is not typical | Opportunities * Science Driven approach can be a Medical Model * Affiliation with the Department of Education * Affiliations with Fitness Centers * Meeting the growing weight loss needs around the world | Threats * Strong Competition * Competitors new products and innovation * Surgical Procedures offering†¦show more content†¦(Speri) Weight Watchers offers a lifestyle change that reduces food intake. It is not designed as a quick fix but instead is one that promotes healthy lifestyle changes that gradually accomplish weight loss. The consum er’s cost for Weight Watchers is very low compared to other weight loss programs or at least it appears so up front. (Sugar) There are no meals, shakes, supplements or bars that are required to be purchased in order to participate in the program. The food that you eat on plan is very much the same food that one could purchase in any grocery store or restaurant. There are multiple periods of free registration throughout each year and the weekly fee is nominal at approximately $13.00 per week. The problem with this is that there are many hidden costs at Weight Watchers. The proprietary point system is unlike any other weight loss system. Successful members utilize food scales and measuring cups to weigh and measure their food, pedometers and activity monitors to measure a person’s activity level, cookbooks, calculators and more. These products can all be purchased at lower prices from many convenience stores but they do not convert their information into point va lues the way that the Weight Watcher products do so many members purchase expensive Weight Watchers products to assist them with their weight loss journey. Additionally, the gradual weight loss conceptShow MoreRelatedSWOT Analysis Of Weight Watchers843 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction SWOT analysis is a systematic thinking and strategic management tool that helps managers to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in their organizations, with the aim of identifying areas that need improvements (Blayney, 2013). Knowledge gained from SWOT analysis informs resource allocation and deployment, hiring needs and other strategies for improving overall efficiency. At the same time, SWOT analysis helps an organization to gauge its market position comparedRead MoreWeight Watchers Case1586 Words   |  7 PagesWeight Watchers International Inc. Muhamet Dervishi BA 422W Table of contents Exeutive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 History and Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Probems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Strategic Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Overview of SWOT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6-7 Alternative Solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7-8 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSwot Analysis: H.J. Heinz Company Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Analysis: H.J. Heinz Company Mission/Vision Statement: The only real vision statement Heinz offers is to ‘have a bottle of ketchup on every table. This vision statement reinforces the notion that Heinz only produces ketchup. It is unnecessary for Heinz to further identify themselves with ketchup. The ketchup market is not going to continue to expand much more than it has already. Since Heinz is synonymous with ketchup already, and customers are aware of this high quality productRead MoreSwot Analysis: H.J. Heinz Company Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Analysis: H.J. Heinz Company Mission/Vision Statement: The only real vision statement Heinz offers is to ‘have a bottle of ketchup on every table. This vision statement reinforces the notion that Heinz only produces ketchup. It is unnecessary for Heinz to further identify themselves with ketchup. The ketchup market is not going to continue to expand much more than it has already. Since Heinz is synonymous with ketchup already, and customers are aware of this high quality productRead MoreA Case Study - Weight Watchers International, Inc Essay2281 Words   |  10 PagesWeight Watchers International, Inc. A Case Study The History of Weight Watchers International, Inc. Weight Watchers International, Inc. was founded in 1961 by Jean Nidetch, who had found herself constantly on a diet but never losing any weight. Knowing she needed more she attended a diet seminar. Ms. Nidetch lost 20 pounds after the seminar, but soon found her motivation dwindling. She invited some friends over who sympathized with her battle of the bulge and they began to share withRead MoreMetabical970 Words   |  4 PagesSituation Analysis Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals’ (CSP) is international health care company. Their focus is on developing, manufacturing and marketing products that treat various diseases. They want to enter the market for weight-control products in the US. 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Following is a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat) analysis ofRead More Becel Margarine Case Analysis Essay4627 Words   |  19 PagesBecel Margarine Case Analysis I. Executive Summary Becel needs to adjust their promotional efforts to address both a heart healthy and great tasting product, while expanding their target market to the twenty-five and above demographic. Becel’s current customers are largely empty nester households where the customers tend to be affluent with high incomes and over sixty-five years of age. By adjusting their promotional efforts to address both a heart healthy and great tasting product, Becel

Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples - 1319 Words

Othello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirements in this famous play. Aristotle the famous philosopher outlined several requirements in which a play or piece of drama is to follow. The first rule that is met in Shakespeare’s play is that Othello is considered tragic hero, which every†¦show more content†¦Othello’s tragic flaw can be viewed as jealously which ultimately leads to his downfall. When Othello is manipulated by Iago to believe that Desdemona is having an affair with Desdemona, Othello does not change from his good person mentality. However, Othello carries out with the plan for murder for which he believes is a fine reason to end Desdemona’s once previous life to preserve her innocence. Othello is the tragic hero within the play titled after him and because of his title, because of this Othello, the Moor of Venice follows one of Aristotle’s requirements. Aristotle’s second requirement for a tragedy is that the tragic hero must have a reversal of fortune. In the beginning of the play, Othello is seen as content with his new bride: â€Å"For know, Iago, But that I love the gentle Desdemona† (1.2.24-25) . As the play progresses, and Iago’s plan culminates, Othello’s good fortune begins to turn. After Othello returns from war at sea with the Turks, his fortune begins a downward spiral. Shakespeare often focuses his plays on human nature as well as fate, which Othello’s fate ended in the tragic ending due to his reversal of fortune once the claims against Desdemona begin. After Othello learns of a possible affair between Cassio and Desdemona, at this instance is the turning point in Othello’s fortune because it changes his views, attitudes and ultimately his fate. â€Å"InShow MoreRelatedOthello, The Moor Of Venice960 Words   |  4 PagesEvil Skills There are many reasons to hate the antagonist in the play Othello, The Moor of Venice. He is a master manipulator, vindictive, evil person just to name a few. â€Å"Iago belongs to a select group of villains in Shakespeare who, while plausibly motivated in human terms, also take delight in evil for its own sake† (Bevington, 2014); for this reason he is often considered to have demonic traits. Was Shakespeare showing his own personal demons with the creation of the character Iago? AlternativelyRead MoreOthello, The Moor Of Venice Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the hero possesses. In Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, the Moor of Venice (rpt. In Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson, Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 10th ed. [Boston: Wadsworth, 2009], 1273-1366), there are several contributing factors in the tragic outcome of the play. Iago, the primary antagonist, targets Othello in various ways to obtain revenge and this contributes to the demise of beloved characters. Although Iago and Othello contribute heavily to the final result of the tragedy:Read MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello The Moor Of Venice Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesplace for a narrative to begin and evolve from, without a strong setting some texts may be difficult to interpret without extra contextual and historical knowledge of the time period of which it was written. Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice written 1603 was set in Italy, in the Venetian Republic . This setting was gaining popularity with Elizabethan writers, maybe as a form of escapism, to have a crypto - catholic approach, as this country was the largest and still is the largestRead MoreOthello The Moor Of Venice Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pages Othello, the Moor of Venice The story of Othello, the Moor of Venice was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare got the idea of Othello from a writer by the name of Giraldi Cinthio. The original story, was entitled,† Of Unfaithfulness of Husbands and Wives.† In the original story Disdemona wasRead MoreOthello The Moor Of Venice Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesOthello, The Moor of Venice The play by William Shakespeare, Othello, The Moor of Venice, was staged for the first time in 1604, is defined as a tragedy, and Othello as a tragic hero. Othello is a tale of jealousy and revenge. The game takes place in Venice, while two friends, Roderigo and Iago, are discussing. Iago has unlucky news: Desdemona, a woman Roderigo hoping to get married to, has already married Othello, a Moorish General that leads the Republic of Venice Army troops, who married inRead MoreThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesscholars, but also appears on modern historical events and newspaper as well. Playwright and poetry are an art that appeals to the conscious mind, but the best classical playwright such as Othello not only appeals to conscious mind, but also to the subconscious mind. â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice,† written by William Shakespeare from the sixteenth century is a tragic love play, and it is an excellent example of â€Å"Renaissance humanism,† said Paul A. Jorgensen, author of the Twayne PublishersRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice Essa y1493 Words   |  6 PagesWithin this essay, I will be analysing the different features and aspects within act 3, scene 3 of the written text Othello, written by William Shakespeare in approximately 1603. I will be discussing the prominent features in the language used within this scene, and I will be exploring why this scene is important in relation to the play as a whole. I will also be discussing within this composition how the distinctive features of the language used within this play could be translated into a liveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - The Moor Of Venice1513 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragic play: â€Å"Othello: the Moor of Venice† starts out in the place of love and water, the beautiful Venice, Italy. In this play Shakespeare brings to life the true definitions of love, betrayal, jealousy, and revenge. Iago and Roderigo, two characters in the play, that are plotting against the general of the Venetian Army because Iago was n ot chosen to be the lieutenant. Instead Othello chose Cassio. In the quest for vengeance the two tell the very influential Senator BrabanotiRead More Extreme Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello, the Moor of Venice2357 Words   |  10 PagesExtreme Jealousy in Othello, the Moor of Venice      Ã‚   Aristotles Poetics laid out the definition of tragedy: unlike comedy, the purpose of tragedy is not merely to instruct and delight an audience. Rather, its aim is to allow a cathartic release as a result of the heightened emotional state caused by the events of the tragedy. This idea assumes that the average person can experience these intense emotions vicariously. In Psyche and Symbol in Shakespeare , Alex Aronson contends that the charactersRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice1216 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice† is one of the best tragedies in the literary history. Othello has all of the qualifications Aristotle believes to be a tragic hero and he matches up pretty well to them. Aristotle said, â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his downfall.† According to Aristotle, a so called â€Å"tragic hero† has several characteristics. 1. Usually a noble birth. 2. Hamartia, which is also known as the tragic flaw that eventually

William Blake s Urizen, And Jerusalem The Emanation...

William Blake’s writing promotes the concept of the human being accessing what Blake sees as the very purpose of life, the poetic genius. Blake, in his writings, All Religions Are One, The Book of Urizen, and Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Great Albion explores both actions of accessing and separating from the poetic genius. Blake contrasts the concept of poetic genius with divisions, such as time and space, created from the human beings separating from it, effectively, keeping them from eternity. Therefore, Blake’s writings value the human being’s ability to access the poetic genius to the highest importance believing it will allow humans to move towards eternity. Blake first outlines his concept of the poetic genius in his writing, All Religions Are One demonstrating his belief â€Å"That the Poetic Genius is the true man† [Principal 1st:1-2] reflecting the idea the poetic genius needs to be utilized to fully realize the goal of the becoming a fully divine human being. Furthermore, Blake interprets â€Å"that the body or outward form of Man is derived from the Poetic Genius† [Principal 1st: 2-5] reflecting the concept of the body being at one with the soul; the soul being the poetic genius. Therefore, the body wouldn’t exist without the accessing of the poetic genius’ imagination conveying a sense of unity between the body and soul. Moreover, Blake conveys a division between the two would cause a deviation from the truth reflect through the limitations of the five senses. Blake

The Financial Crisis in Iceland Essay - 607 Words

Iceland is a small European Country. Its currency is Krona, ISK. The 2008-2009 Icelandic financial crisis was the major economic and political event in the Iceland. It had been worst financial crisis ever experienced by a small country. Sharp turn in 2007-2008 ISK dropped 24% against Euro from Nov 2007 to June 2008. Iceland involved the collapse of all three of the countrys major privately owned commercial banks, following their difficulties in refinancing their short-term debt and a run on deposits in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Here are some Factors that lead for such a worst financial crisis: 1. Bad Banking 2. Bad policies Financial Sector: Three major banks Glitnir, Kaupthing and Landsbanki, other saving and investment†¦show more content†¦The CBI set up a system of daily currency auctions in October to facilitate international trade. The value of the krona is determined by supply and demand in those auctions. Inflation Rates: Up to 2009 the inflation rate was recorded 16.51%. Wrong use of inflation targeting is the headline failure. High interest rates: High interest rates were provided. With interest rates standing at double level, uncovered interests parity encouraged households, firms, and banks to borrow in foreign currency. Government acquired 75% of Glitner bank. Trade was suspended and there was rise in fiscal deficit and public debt. Government was giving assurance to only the local depositors not to the foreign depositors. EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL CRISIS: United Kingdom had sealed all the three branches of the Iceland. Unemployment: About 300 employees of the organization become unemployed because of the new organization which is replaced by the old Landsbanki. Similar Job losses were expected in Glitner and Kaupthing. The job losses can be compared with the 2,136 registered unemployed and 495 advertised vacancies in Iceland at the end of August 2008. The employment had more the tripled. Companies face a serious loss: Many of the companies face loss due to crisis. The private Sterling Airlines and the national airlines Icelandair both are the examples of companies who face serious loss. Sterling airlinesShow MoreRelated2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financial sector combinedRead MoreShould Iceland Adopt Canadian Dollar?1387 Words   |  6 Pages Econ 345 Assignment 2 Topic: Should Iceland adopt Canadian Dollar? Student number: 301238117 Student Name: Shuk Man Chan The Abstract Iceland is now having financial crisis because of its unhealthy banking system and monetary policies. Its currency becomes an unwanted dollar due to its fluctuating exchange rate. To regain the confident and rebuild its financial system, a sound currency is crucial. Canada, one of the strongest economies in OECD, has a healthy banking system and conservativeRead MoreIreland s Financial Disaster1371 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Ireland’s financial disaster shared some things in common with Iceland’s. It was created by sort of men who ignore their wives suggestions that maybe they should stop and ask for directions. But while the Icelandic male used foreign money to conquer foreign places (trophy companies in Britain, chunks of Scandinavia etc.) – the Irish male used foreign money to conquer Ireland. 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Horseshoe Market free essay sample

Dragon has been on the winning streak since his shoes were arranged with two aluminum shoes on his front hoofs and two steel shoes in jack. Crediting success to the horses shoes raises many eyebrows in the horse world. Defining which shoes are best for any particular horse would be beneficial for both the market and consumers. The predicament in this market is the lack of scientific proof to which (aluminum or steel) has the upper hand in the horseshoe market. Problem The problem is that neither consumers nor merchants know whether the steel or aluminum horseshoe is best for any particular horse.Users base their decisions on many variables such as the horses gait, the track, hoof shape and the weather, but also their opinion. The situation that needs to be addressed here is the lack of scientific proof to which horseshoe is best for any certain horse. We will write a custom essay sample on Horseshoe Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Situational Analysis Strengths Horseshoes have been around for many centuries and are a must in the horse industry, especially the racing business. As long as horses are being raced and used for competitions, a type of horseshoe will be necessary to keep on the market.The strongest part of the shoes is the need for them in the horse industry worldwide. Weaknesses The horseshoe market is driven by opinions not facts. This is a weakness cause misunderstanding and confusion about which type of metal is best for a particular horse leads to incorrect information about the products on the market. Incorrect information can lead to poor decisions in the future of the horse industry. Opportunities The horse industry is far from coming to a close.Between racing, rodeo, shows, and pleasure riding, the industry is only growing and providing opportunities for the horseshoe market to grow and flourish. With the science and technology we have now days growing at the speed it is, the ability and opportunity will arise soon enough for new types and forms of reechoes. Threats Though science and technology could be seen as an opportunity to benefit the horseshoe market, it could also be considered a threat if not utilized. There is a chance that there is or will be the science out there to put horseshoes out of order.Alternatives Alternative One For some it would Seem like a silly solution for any marketing issue, but there is always the alternative to do nothing. Because there is almost an even split in the market between steel and aluminum, it has caused confusion and talk in the industry but yet no big problems have risen up. That being said it has en going on for so long and yet the market is quite balanced with no super power. Due to this alternative working in the past, it seems that letting it continue on this way could be a valuable alternative for the future. Alternative Two Getting a clear and educated understanding of which type of horseshoe is best for any given horse seems like a very possible solution alternative. This would give the entire market something easy to see and allow them to make wiser choices for their horses and businesses. This may sway the market to one side a lot more than the other but gives clarity to those within the industry. For this type of clarity, it would entail a lot of scientific research on the industries part.Alternative Three Though this idea is farfetched and optimistic, creating a completely new type of horseshoe is also an alternative for this market. With the science and technology growing the way that it is, this is where the opportunity would arise for the horseshoe market to expand. Coming up with something new and improved could possibly help the market as well. Proposed Solution After careful consideration, I would recommend alternative two. Because the racket is so balanced and doesnt seem to be suffering or in any danger, doing anything drastic like creating a new product appears to be irrational.

Environmental Analysis and Assessment of New Strategy

Questions: Task 1 a) Examine a few definitions (at least two) of marketing and explain the marketing process with example drawn from HM. b) Discuss the different kinds of marketing orientations and recommend the most suitable marketing orientation for HM. Task 2 a) Analyse the macro and micro environmental factors that influence the marketing decisions of HM. b) Propose a new product for HM and examine the concept of segmentation and recommend segmentation criteria and targeting strategy to be used for the newly developed product. c) Identify factors that will influence buyer behavior and propose a new positioning strategy for your organisation and its newly developed product. Task 3 a) Using HM as your chosen company, explain how the new product was developed to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. b) Evaluate a range of distribution methods that HM can use for the newly developed product to provide convenience to a target group of customers. c) Discuss and critically evaluate the various pricing methods used by businesses and recommend pricing strategy that HM can use for the newly developed product. d) Explain the concept of integrated marketing communication and discuss the elements of promotional mix including extended the extended marketing mix as relevant to HM's newly developed product. Task 4 a) Evaluate the marketing mix variables for two segments of the consumer market and discuss how different it would be for businessto-business services (B2B). b) Assuming that HM decides to enter the international market with the newly developed product, examine and discuss the differences between domestic marketing and international marketing. Answers: 1. Marketing strategy analysis a) Marketing process Marketing, as a subject has been exposed to a wide and in-depth body of research works and analysis. The concept of marketing is essentially multilayered and has a number of associated aspects that shape up the pattern and dynamics of a chosen strategy. However, irrespective of the diversities in patterns, marketing strategies are designed to fulfill a limited set of objectives. According to Kotler, Marketing is the the process of building profitable customer relationships by creatingvaluefor customers and capturingvalue in return (Kotler, Burton, Deans, Brown Armstrong, 2012). In other words, Marketing is often considered as a tool for creating effective perceived values for the customers. These perceived values, in the long run, can be consolidated and leveraged by a brand to create a loyal base of lucrative customers. HM, the apparel retailer giant based in Europe, has been successful in identifying the perceived values of its potential customer base. The objective of the brand h as been to understand the psyche of its target customers and design values accordingly. As a result, the brand has been able to achieve the important objective of creating a strong base of satisfied customers. In this regard, the strategies applied by the brand can be considered as successful as marketing has been identified as- A management system with customer satisfaction as the object of all marketing effort (Reynolds Lancaste, 2013) HM has, over the years, developed and maintained a value-for-money approach, as far as its marketing strategies are concerned. Based on this approach, HM has created and maintained its own competitive advantage. The three generic strategies that are generally applied by firms, operating in a competitive market, are as follows: Cost leadership Differentiation Focus Competitive Advantage Competitive Scope Low Cost Differentiation Industry target Cost Leadership Differentiation Segment target Cost Focus Differentiation Focus HM has chosen to design a strategy based on differentiation. The brand has managed to evolve from a firm catering to a niche market to an organization with a broad base of customers. The differentiation has been on the basis of creating a unique brand image that distinguished it from its competitors. The management has identified fashion as a temporary and perishable commodity. Hence, the pricing structure has been designed accordingly, without compromising on the expected and perceived quality of the items offered. This strategy helped in differentiating the brand from the rest and gradually creates an industry wide customer base and strong competitive advantage. In the US market, HM has adopted a marketing strategy based by focusing mainly on the customer group consisting of younger women. Thus, HM has combined different marketing strategies, depending on the nature of the market. Zara, one of its strongest competitors, has mainly differed from HM, on the pricing strategies (McDona ld, 2012). Zara caters to customers who are willing to pay premium prices to obtain branded apparels. However, the difference in pricing strategies has been one of the distinguishing factors between HM and its more prominent competitors. 1.2 Marketing orientation Marketing strategies can be based on a range of viewpoints, on the part of the management, depending on the nature of the business and the type of customers that an organization caters to, among other factors. The marketing policies and associated approaches determine the alignment of the strategies. However, the basic objective of the various marketing orientation plans followed by different organizations is to consolidate respective foothold in the industry. The different types of marketing orientation are: Sales Product Production Market The sales orientation approach mainly concentrates on maximization of profits earned. However, this approach generally does not consider any thorough analysis of the psyche and preferences of the customers. Thus, in case of HM this strategy is not feasible as the competitors are focused on continually capturing the untapped needs and preferences of the potential customers. Production oriented approach aims towards cost-leadership by producing products on a large scale at minimum cost. However this strategy is applicable in case of FMCG brands that produce standard products (Dahlen, Lange Smith, 2010). HM, being a leading apparel brand, relies on thorough research and development, hence cannot afford to follow a production oriented approach. Product oriented approach adopted by a brand, emphasizes on the superiority of the products, in terms of quality and features, as compared to the competitors. However, in the global market, HM has strong competitors who have already differentiate d themselves in terms of perceived quality. Moreover, HM has never positioned its brand on the basis of superior quality. Thus adopting product oriented approach will lead to inconsistency and confusion among global customers. HM should adopt market oriented approach while establishing itself in untapped global markets. This approach is designed on the basis of thorough analysis of the needs, preferences and buying behaviors of the potential customers. HM should develop its marketing strategies based on the common global traits as well as the unique aspects displayed by the potential customers in the hitherto unexplored overseas market (Baines, Chris Kelly, 2013).. 2. Environmental analysis and assessment of new strategy a) Environmental analysis The business environment of HM consists of several aspects that shape up the patterns of the marketing and operational strategies. These aspects require analysis and assessment on a regular basis. The entire business environment can be classified into: Macro environment Micro environment The major factors of the macro business environment are as follows: Political- One of the major issues regarding the political environment is the outsourcing policy followed by HM, over the years. The organization has to strictly abide by the regulations imposed by the government regarding the outsourcing of labors to developing countries. These restrictions, quite often, complicate the framework of manufacturing and supply. Economic- The value-for-money policy adopted by HM has enabled it to survive the general financial crisis that has affected the purchasing powers of consumers worldwide. Customers have perceived the brand to be affordable, even in the period of recession, leading to steady revenue and profit margins (Hamilton Webster, 2012). Social- In the recent past, the entire fashion industry has been under constant scrutiny for its adverse effects on the community and the overall environment. HM has taken initiatives to contribute towards the environment and will continue to consolidate its image as socially responsible organizations, through a host of activities. Technology- Apart from constantly innovating the product features and attributes, HM, in the last few years, has invested substantially in systematic modifications of its store layouts at certain key locations with the aim of reducing the waiting time of customers. Technology has also been used effectively to expand marketing channels as well platforms of customer feedbacks. Legal- Regulations regarding imports and exports and outsourcing are the major legislatures that the company has to abide constantly. Moreover, regulations regarding wage distribution of labors are critical, since HM has adopted an outsourcing policy (Kardes, Cronley Cline, 2014). The major components of the micro environment are: Customers- HM has expanded its customer base from niche to a much broader one, over the years. The customers perceive the brand as one that can deliver quality items at affordable prices. The price leadership policy coupled with the brand message that fashion is a disposable product has ensured a steady base of loyal customers. Suppliers- HM is significantly dependent on its suppliers, since it does not have its own independent factories. The brand reputation and goodwill of HM along with the fair wage policy adopted by the organization has ensured a strong base of suppliers, mainly belonging to the overseas market (Wells Foxall, 2012). Competitors- The level of competition can be analyzed based on the following framework: Threat of new entrants- There are high chances of new competitors emerging in the fashion industry because of the constant exploration of niche markets, based on various criteria such as pricing strategy, demography of customers, behavioral aspects among others. Bargaining power of suppliers- The suppliers have limited bargaining power because of the global brand reputation and hence high negotiating power of HM. Bargaining power of Buyers- The buyers are increasingly being offered a host of alternatives, as far as fashion brands are concerned. Thus the bargaining power of the buyers is quite high. Threat of substitutes- The price leadership and Fast Fashion policy followed by HM guarantees a distinct identity, in spite of other similar brands, and hence neutralize the scopes of any retail apparel brand taking away its market share (Young, 2011). Level of overall rivalry, in the long run, can be considered as moderate mainly because of the strong brand positioning. b) New product segmentation and brand positioning HM can offer a new product to a market that has not been explored so far. Traditionally the brand has focused on perishable fashion commodities at competitive prices. However, HM should diversify to a market, whose psyche and buying behaviors differ from its traditional set of customers. Market Penetration Existing Product Existing Market Product Development New Product Existing Market Market Development Existing Product New Market HM should launch a range of luxury wristwatches, for women that should be priced at a premium range. The price range should be consciously kept at a premium range in order to capture those customers who have, on an average, greater purchasing powers than the current customer base. The segmentation of the customers should be: Demographic- The products should initially be designed only for the females. This is because of the fact that the brand is perceived mainly as one that offers apparels for females. The age group should be within 30-45 years, chosen on the basis of the level of financial independence of the target group. Behavioral- Specific sections of the potential customers associate high quality with high prices. This particular customer segment generally opts for premium priced products, as they perceive that these products have better quality than those with low or moderate prices. HM should enrich its brand value through effective product expansion. Customers should perceive that HM has a wide range of products for diverse customer ranges. The expansion in brand positioning will be useful in combating the existing and potential competition in the industry. 3. Competitive advantage and marketing mix a) Sustainable competitive advantage Brand HM has to leverage certain aspects in order to implement its expansion in an effective manner. These aspects are vital tools to create and develop brand identity and perceived attributes (Palmer, Cockton Cooper, 2012). The expansion of the customer base will be implemented, based on the following criteria: Capability- HM has always maintained a customer focused approach while designing its marketing activities. The psyche and needs of the specific customer groups have been analyzed while implementing marketing strategies. The brand has been perceived as one that understands the latest demands and trends of the fashion world, and accordingly deliver tailor-made product for the target group. This has helped in creating a perceived competitive advantage over most of its competitors, which brand should be leveraged to attract and sustain new customer segments. Resources- The Research Development team has traditionally been able to introduce fashion related products to the intended customer groups, through innovation (Mullins Komisar, 2013). Moreover, the vertical integration system among the various key stakeholders will enable reach to the target customers, through vast networking and effective co-ordination. A separate Research Development needs to be developed to research on the new product attributes and designs. Competitive advantage These two components should be utilized effectively to create the new brand positioning as well as to communicate the same to the target customer group. The new product should be positioned as an alternative to those customers who prefer classic range of products that have more perceived longevity and can be used for many seasons. This particular category will further enhance the brand positioning and competitive advantage of HM. This is because of the fact that luxury watches for women belonging in the specified age group is a niche market and currently a few prominent brands operate in it. b) Distribution strategy The new product will be targeted to customers, who are slightly more matured, in terms of age as well as preferences, than the traditional base of customers of HM. However, initially limited range will be launched in a few selected stores at Sweden. Inbound logistics- Selected group of suppliers, located in both Asia and Europe will be co-ordinated and clarified about the exact requirements for the new product launch. A new group of local suppliers need to be selected. The suppliers will transport the materials to the production facilities located in the vicinity. Operations- The production team will co-ordinate directly with the RD department and operate accordingly. The operations facility will be located in Sweden, within the vicinity of the suppliers. Outbound logistics- The finished products will be transported directly to the selected stores at Sweden, post approval from the management and RD department. Marketing and Sales- The launch of new product ranges should be announced through hoardings at strategic locations, prominent displays and verbal communication at point of sales at the selected stores where the products will be launched. Moreover, the brand website should be updated along with interactive online tools to assess customers reactions and level of anticipations leading to the launch of the new range. c) Pricing strategy The pricing strategy has to be designed on the basis of the nature and specifications of the intended target group of customers. Pricing strategies quite often can enhance or diminish the intended positioning of a brand (Boone Kurtz, 2013). Moreover, pricing strategies are often perceived as an integral part of the entire brand identity. There are a host of alternatives as far as pricing strategies are concerned. Skimming pricing involves setting high prices in order to ensure maximization of profits and revenues initially. Gradually the prices are reduced and the products are made more affordable. However, this strategy is not feasible in this case as the price will be kept high consistently with an intention of attracting specific groups of customers. High low pricing involves maintaining high prices with occasional promotions and discounts. In this case, there are no scopes of discounts in the initial stages hence this strategy is not feasible (Eagle, Dahl, Czarnecka Lloyd, 2014 ). Premium pricing strategy should be implemented in case of the new product launch. This will ensure that the target customers will associate the high prices with better quality and durability compared to the traditional product range offered by the brand. d) Integrated marketing communication Integrated Marketing mix is a common tool that is being used increasingly by prominent brands. It is aimed at ensuring maximum reach to the target customers as well as desired impact on the intended group of potential customers. The main components of Integrated Marketing mix are as follows: Product- The new luxury watch range will benefit from the brand reputation and value of HM. Moreover, the anticipation will expectedly be high as HM will be tapping new customer base and product range Price- Premium pricing strategy will be followed to attract the intended customer group (Armstrong, Adam, Denize Kotler, 2014). Place- The marketing channels will encompass traditional channels including in store displays and billboards at posh locations of the city where the target customers are expected to visit consistently, advertisements in high end fashion magazines and online channel including social media and brand website. Promotion- The promotional activities will include: Advertising- Traditional and online channels will be utilized for advertisement PR- Press conferences will be arranged to announce the launch of the new product range People at service interface- The salespersons at points of sale, at selected stores will educate and make the customers aware of the new product range. Positioning- The product range will be positioned as luxury items with durable quality (Richter, 2012). People- The target customer group are that which generally relates high quality with high prices and will consist exclusively of females within the age group 30-45 years. 4. Marketing mix and international expansion a) Marketing mix variables in different markets The marketing mix model for consumer segments consists of some basic components. These components are constant across the breadth of products available in consumer segments. However, the nature and patterns of these components often varies in accordance with the type of product. Segmentation Targeting Positioning Identifying segments-Luxury designer apparel segments customers on the basis of behavioral and lifestyle. Competition level-This continues to be a relatively niche market as global luxury brands in these category are few worldwide (Grose, 2011). Market attractiveness-The market consists of customers who have high purchasing power. Resources- Luxury brands generally have the resources of producing exclusive designs Competitor analysis- The number of global competitors is few, but prominent, as it is essentially a niche market. Actual target market- Specifications about the gender, age group are essential. Value proposition- Positioned as a product range that are available to a limited set of customers, who have better purchasing power than the average buyer. Identifying segments- Soft drink products generally target the mass market, segmenting on the basis of demographic and psychographic criteria (Pride, Ferrell, 2014). Competition level- High as this is a crowded market. Market attractiveness- Mass product generally has high market attractiveness, provided positioning is distinct Resources- Emphasis on cost leadership through resource optimization as this is a mass market product Competitor analysis- The market is crowded with prominent brands. Actual target market- The youth segment is the most lucrative one. Value proposition - Positioned as a youth oriented brand, highlighting the attributes and traits of the segment Fundamental differences between B2B and B2C marketing mix are as follows: B2C marketing mix often involves emotional buying behavior, based on sentimental factors. In case of B2B, rational purchasing is dominant (Hutt Speh, 2012). Brand loyalty is an integral part of B2C marketing mix. In B2C marketing, partners and customers are chosen almost solely on the basis of compatibility and convenience The basic components of marketing mix are same in case of both B2B and B2C. Compared to B2C market, B2C market focuses on more complicated value propositions and fewer number of target customers (Stevens, Loudon Wrenn, 2012) b) International marketing Both domestic and international market is comprised of similar components. However, specific aspects of these components differ significantly, when these two markets are compared. In case of HM, international marketing will offer the following unique aspects: Segmentation- The segmentation part will be similar as HM will retain the basic value proposition of delivering fashionable products at affordable prices in the international market. However, depending on the type of market that the brand operates in certain unique behavioral and demographic aspects of the overseas customer base has to be assessed (Zentes, Morschett Schramm-Klein, 2012). Accordingly, certain age and gender groups should be emphasized. In the domestic market female customer base is prioritized, with offerings for men and family also. However, depending on the nature of international market, the focus needs to be modified. Target- The relative attractiveness of the various segments has to be identified and assessed. The viability of the various segments may be quite different from those in the domestic market. Also, researches may reveal certain new potential customer segments. Positioning- HM should use the core value proposition of disposable fashion items at affordable prices, to consolidate its foothold in the market initially (Johansson Carlson, 2014). However, in the long run, other value propositions may also be explored. References Kotler, Philip, Burton, Suzan, Deans, Kenneth Brown, Linen Armstrong Gary 2012, Marketing, Pearson Higher Education AU Reynolds, Paul Lancaste, Geoff 2013, Marketing, Routledge, UK. McDonald, Malcolm 2012, Market Segmentation: How to Do it and Go to Profit from it. John Wiley Sons, USA Dahlen, Micael, Lange, Fredrik Smith, Terry2010, Marketing Strategies: A Brand Narrative Approach, John Wiley Sons, USA Baines, Paul Fill, Chris, 2014, Marketing. Oxford University Press, UK Hamilton, Leslie Webster, Philip 2012, The International Business Environment. Oxford University Press, UK. Kardes, Frank, Cronley, Maria Cline, Thomas2014, Consumer Behavior. Cengage Learning, USA. Wells, Victoria Foxall, G. R 2012, Handbook of Developments in Consumer Behaviour, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA. Young, Laurie 2011, The Marketers Handbook, John Wiley Sons, USA. Palmer, Roger, Cockton, Juanita Cooper, Graham 2012, Managing Marketing. Routledge, UK. Mullins, John Komisar, Randy 2013, Getting To Plan B: Breaking Through To a Better Business Model, Harvard Business Press, USA. Boone, Louis and Kurtz, David 2013, Contemporary Marketing, Cengage Learning, USA. Eagle, Lynne, Dahl, Stephan, Czarnecka, Barbara Lloyd, Jenny 2014, Marketing Communications, Routledge, UK. Armstrong, Gary, Adam, StewartDenize,Sara Kotler, Philip 2014, Principles of Marketing, Pearson Australia, Australia. Richter, Tobias 2012, International Marketing Mix Management, Routledge, UK. Grose, Virginia2011, Basic Fashion Management, AC Black, UK. Pride, William Ferrell, O. C 2014, Foundations of Marketing, Cengage Learning, USA. Hutt, Michael Speh, Thomas 2012, Business Marketing Management: B2B, Cengage Learning, USA. Stevens, Robert E, Loudon, David L Wrenn, Bruce 2012, Marketing Management, Routledge, UK. Zentes, Joachim, Morschett, Dirk Schramm-Klein, Hanna 2012, Strategic Retail Management, Springer Science Business Media, UK. Johansson, Johny K Carlson, Kurt A 2014, Contemporary Brand Management, SAGE Publications, USA.