LitReview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

LitReview - Essay Example Consideration of a threat doles out as a restriction or limitation that creates hindrances to perform required tasks as it dissuades to take action considering losses and costs. The whole process can be seen as a military action in which, concerned parties are restricted to take any military action that would affect the foreign policy objectives of the two involved states. Any sort of initiation of combating action is deterred. Rational choice theory is another theory that is influential in terms of cyber security. This theory allows contemplation and differentiation of varied accessible tactics. Cornish & Clarke (1986) inform that this theory emerged considering a notion related to cost benefit analysis. For example, a criminal conducts a crime when it appears advantageous to him. The theory also puts light on challenger’s haziness towards defender’s selected option. Nevertheless, the theory fails to resolve the strategized relationship between concerned parties, which are thoroughly reviewed in game theory (Understanding Society, 2008). The challengers select their intended defenders diligently and also work on their combating strategies considering previously employed strategies by the defenders. According to Cavusoglu, Raghunathan & Yue (2008), Decision theory is weak in handling the challengers’ worked out strategies and revisiting of defender’s actions because as per the theory, defender regards challenger’s devised performances as ‘exogenous’. According to the game theory, defender’s choices and challenger’s actions are endogenous. According to the decision theory, the scenarios according to which, the involved parties have to take action are predefined due to which, the actions performed by actors are regarded exogenous. Von Newmann and Morgenstern (1944) inform that each contestant is eligible to evaluate ‘variables’ of his actions only. There are rational rules involved in cons idering of variables and comprehension of variables of other’s actions, which cannot be determined statistically. Therefore, it has been required to explore a more viable theory that can be applied to cyber security. Researchers have moved towards game theory to comprehend the relationship between actors in cyber security issues. In addition, Nisan and Ronen (1999), Nisan (2007) inform about mechanism design that has assisted towards development of protection and privacy mechanisms. These mechanisms are designed with the support of systematic results. Because of usage of game theory, there are certain security decisions. These security decisions are supportive in terms of distribution of restricted resources, stability of professed problems and consideration of core inducement mechanisms. In game theoretical model, more than one person are involved in the decision making process and examining the decisions made where players are either directly or indirectly involved to share the resources provided in the game. Games relevant to the strategic security can be simple or complex. The game can be helpful in solving the simple as well as complex formulated security issues. The security issues can be related to the wireless or computer controlled communication programs. The strategy can provide a solution of the user privacy issues, etc. Utilizing this theoretical model, a defender keeps maintaining the security of the network and the system, while an attacker always tries to access the secure

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Example for Free

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Alcohol and family Violence has been an issues with families for many years, these are two demons that some just can’t break, families have been experiencing the traumatic of one’s physical uncontrollable actions. Alcohol has become one’s stress reliever in all views that it began to take over one’s way of thinking and reaction, this is ways individuals express their evil thoughts and the sad thing it that the abuse of alcohol has a domino effect on their children’s as they become adults and parents later in life. If community members understand violence differently, their responses may be inconsistent and even harmful to victims. (Advocate. Minnesota, (2003)). Almost 6,500 children across the world have been a victim of family violence which leads up to being in a single parent home, One in three children globally (30%) said as leader of their country; they would tackle violence by improving law and order. For children in developing countries, improving education (17%) was the next priority (compared with just 6% of children in developed countries). (2003). Child Fund.) Finally, a 1991 study in the United States found that the average amount of alcohol consumed prior to the use of violence was only a few drinks, which â€Å"suggests that the act of drinking may be more related to woman abuse than the effect of alcohol.† Two other studies indicate that drug use is more strongly correlated to domestic violence than is alcohol. (2003). Child Fund.) Improving their self-esteem, they abuse the victim physically, emotionally, and sometimes, sexually. Another key factor in wife abuse is alcohol. When the man is stressed, he turns to alcohol to relieve it. Little does he know that the alcohol makes him more irritable? He started really drinking excessively and that is when the abuse started. He had been drinking I sat down to read the paper and he wanted his supper . . . he kicked the c at to the ceiling, he started slapping my face with both hands, (Berger, 1990, pg. 42). So, if youre in an abusive relationship what is the best way to get out and stop of the battering abuse? After notorious acts of abuse, usually, the woman will finally realize that the situation will never get better. Basically there  are three basic reasons why women leave a violent relationship: Educated themselves about the necessary available help, being faced with the impact on their children (mentally, physical, sexually and courage to know when enough is enough) and women having a tolerance level of abuse. (Berger, 1990, pg. 48). Family Violence is Willfully or knowingly placing, or attempting to place, a family member in fear of hurt, causing hurt, wrongful confinement or restraint against the family member’s will or continual harassment which causes anguish.. A family member can be your spouse or ex-spouse, child (including adopted and step child), sibling, parent or in-law. Now there are many factors that contribute to family violence, the most commonly seen are th e characteristics of the abused and the abuser. There is no one specific country or culture that is more abusive than another, abuse is spread across countries, cultures, socio-economic statuses, races, religion and ethnic groups (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott Kennedy, 2009). For example, one may be very educated and well-kept but if unable to control behavior caused by emotions, he may be abusive. While if one may be poor and lowly educated, if he is well controlled in his behaviors and emotions, he will then not be abusive. More often, in cases of child abuse, the abuser usually a parent, father or mother, could be one who may be in situations of stress or someone who simply cannot control their emotions, anger. In a paper written by Professor Harry J. Gaynor (1998), in 1,356 cases of child abuse reported by National Burn Victim Foundation, there were 176 spontaneous cases, of which 97% of them are parents that are known to have aggressive response behavior. There are two kinds of aggressive response, active and passive. Active aggressive behaviors do not have concern over the impact that anger will have to the abused, this translates to actions of hurting the abused verbally, could be hurling hurtful words, humiliating, and physically, hitting the abused. While the passive aggressive response behaviors are those that have cooped up, suppressing negative emotions of a length of time and a blow up or breakdown can be expected, this translates to behavior of neglect and not paying attention to the abused (Gaynor, 1998). Children are victims of adult’s uncontrollable behavior of anger. As much as we blame abusers, and we should look at their background and past, that when they were children were tormented as well. Baltimore County, Maryland Police Department (2012),  shared some facts about child abusing inmates, that 84% of them were abused as children, families with more than four children have higher rates of abused and neglect, more than 80% of the abusers are parent or someone the child is close to and parents on drugs is physically abused regularly. There are parental histories and the cycle of abuse that we have to factor into the characteristics of the abuser. Many of these individuals who are maltreating their own children were victims of abuse and neglect themselves. (Goldman et al., 2003). There is no major difference in percentage of perpetrators being female or male. An apparent close percentage of 50% and 58% of mothers and fathers are found to abuse their own children. However, while single mothers are accused of child neglect, many fathers who abandon the child are almost never considered in the neglect (Newton, 2001). Abuse often happen in environment or family situation where it is overcrowded, usually happens with families with more than four children. If the living conditions are cramped and isolated and parents do not hold proper stable jobs, the chances of abuse in those families, whether parent-child or sibling abuse may occur (Baltimore County, Maryland Police Department, 2012). From the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (n.d.), some causes of abuse at times are simply due to parent’s ignorance of developmental stages. This ignorance can lead to frustration and eventually aggressive behaviors. They are under stress because their child has issues with toilet training or not meeting their expectations. Understanding developmental stages can help parents to understand their child’s learning curve better and they will learn to cope with their expectation. Another cause is mental disorders, parent with depression, personality disorders or anxiety disorder etc., can affect their ability to care for their children. The abused, children as the focus, can contribute toward family violence toward themselves and they may never know it. Disabled children, children with mental disorders, children with development disorders, hyperactive children are all at a higher risk compared to a healthy child in receiving abuse. These children have needs that are special, if they do not attain required needs, manner of communication from them can be highly distressing. According to Sullivan (1996) from the Boys Town National Research Hospital, children with disabilities are found to be at greater risk of abuse and neglect compared to children without disabilities (Official Journal of the American Academy  of Pediatrics, 2001). Children with disabilities of any form may be unable to retort, have no understanding that they are abused or cannot communicate the happenings of the abuse may have issues because adults know that they can get away with it because their abuses will not be reported. Knowing one can get away with it makes it easier to push through the abuse compared to risking the child complaining to others about the abuse. Children although still the ultimate victims whether or not they are the cause of the abuse and abused children and the abuser may have much effect in the society. There are long term effects surrounding family violence and any forms of family violence have effects to both the abused and the abuser. Some of the effects are physical and neurobiological, cognitive and emotional and social and educational. First, physical and neurological damages are the visible effects on a child, direct trauma from physical abuse can cause ruptured organs and even possible brain deformity or retardation. Neglect will cause the child to be underfed and/or nutritional deficit, the child will have slow growth rate and development of the physical and brain would be unhealthy. This makes deficient in mental growth as well. Repeated trauma produces changes in the neurochemistry of the brain that affects memory formation. This causes the person to will time to time continually getting flashbacks of fragmented memories of emotions throughout their life. Cognitive and emotional damages are relative unseen. Some children resort into extreme methods to deal with the trauma tic experiences. Some lash out at people around them and themselves. Some become depressed and do things that make them feel better, example by taking drugs and alcohol, some even go to the extent of attempting suicide. Bonding and attachments with their parents or people in general may cease and understanding of the abusing behavior might become permanent if assistance does not come. Children that have been abused also show no concern when someone else is under distress, they may even result to behave in ways like hitting the other child the same way their abuser did to them (Sigelman Rider, (2012). A social and educational effect becomes obvious when the child become less sociable or not sociable at all, isolating himself. The child may also become distrustful toward people in general making them unable to properly have a normal relationship. Due to this, the child will grow up having issues with self-esteem, have low level of confidence. Behaviorally, some children may  grow up to become abusive or they become isolated (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, n.d.). Some of the children who do not seek and have support to recovery may consider what they have been through has normal and appropriate. This is how the cycle of abuse goes on. Abused children are often emotionally and physically in pain at school; hence they are unable to concentrate at what they have to do, leading to them falling behind their grades. They find it hard to make friends and hence either become a bully or get bullied at school as well. Because of this, teachers at school might see them as a problematic child if they are not aware of the happenings that are going on at home. With society (school) labeling them as problematic and being abused at home by parents they are likely to feel rejected by everyone. Intervention as a Human Services Professional I would suggest that all family members seek counseling to express all issues and get to the root cause of the problem. When children are involved seeing a therapist with the family and without the parents would be one of my intervention to help their family, I would also have the parents go to parenting classes. Resource: Advocate. Minnesota, (2003).Alcohol and Domestic Violence. www.umn.edu/hutments/svaw/ domestic/link/alcohol.htm Attorney-General’s Chambers (31 October 2009). Interpretation of this Part. In Women’s Charter (Chapter 353, Section 64). Retrieved from http://statutes.agc.gov.sg Baltimore County, Maryland. (2 January 2013). Facts About Child Abuse. Retrieved from http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/police/community/abuse.html (2003). Child Fund. www.childfund.org.av/publication/new-childfund-survey-fines-assive-kids-blame-alcohol-number-one-cause-violence Gaynor, H. J. (1998). The Root of Child Abuse: Anger. Retrieved from http://www.aaets.org/article63.htm Goldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundatione.cfm

Feminism and Insanity in Virginia Woolfs Work Essay -- Biography Biog

Feminism and Insanity in Virginia Woolf's Work The critical discussion revolving around the presence of mystical elements in Virginia Woolf's work is sparse. Yet it seems to revolve rather neatly around two poles. The first being a preoccupation with the notion of madness and insanity in Woolf's work and the second focuses on the political ramifications of mystical encounters. More specifically, Woolf's mysticism reflects on her feminist ideals and notions. Even though she ultimately associates Woolf's brand of mysticism with the 19th century Theosophists, she continually refers to the specific encounters in Woolf's work as "natural mysticism" (Kane 329). I contend that this brand of "natural mysticism" can be separated from the more traditional encounters, "telepathy, auras, astral travel, synesthesia, reincarnation, the immortality of the soul, and the existence of a Universal Mind" (329). While only Madeleine Moore truly begins to draw the distinction between the two brands of mysticism that permeate Woolf's work, others delineate one category without acknowledging the other. Val Gough, in discussing the ironic aspects of many of Woolf's mystical encounters, introduces the inherently politicized aspects of the topic. He argues that "Woolf as a writer was concerned to set up a relation with the reader which...brings an alternative form of mystical experience into being" (Gough 86). This "subversive, sceptical mysticism" introduces, through the inherently politicized nature of irony, "a feminist challenging of rigid structures of phallic (and imperialist) power, thus making it a mysticism of subversive, politically critical, feminist irony" (89). While his presentation of Woolf's ironic mysticism is certainly ... ...lar Mrs. Dalloway. Works Cited Gough, Val. "With Some Irony in Her Interrogation: Woolf's Ironic Mysticism." Virginia Woolf and the Arts. New York: Pace University Press, 1997. Kane, Julie. "Varieties of Mystical Experience in the Writings of Virginia Woolf." Twentieth Century Literature Vol 41 Iss 4 (1995): 328-349. Minow-Pinsky, Makiko. "'How then does light return to the world after the eclipse of the sun? Miraculously, fraily": A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Woolf's Mysticism." Virginia Woolf and the Arts. New York: Pace University Press, 1997. Moore, Madeleine. The Short Season Between Two Silences. Winchester, Mass: Allen & Unwin 1984. Smith, Susan Bennett. "Reinventing Grief Work: Virginia Woolf's Feminist Representations of Mourning in Mrs. Dalloway and To The Lighthouse" Twentieth Century Literature Vol 41 Iss 4 (1995): 310-327

Reading The Light :: essays research papers

Reading The Light   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story that is most significant to me is “Reading the Light'; by Roger Pfingston. This story felt like it was written from the heart. It is filled with emotions, ones that the author caught in his story very well. Even though I could not empathize with Brian, I did feel sympathetic towards him. When David said to Brian, “Is it really such a surprise? I’m sure you know that your mother and I haven’t been the best of friends lately.'; (6), that was a shock to me. David did not seem to be sympathetic towards his son; instead he made it sound like it had happened and that there was nothing that could be done about it. At the end of the story, David, Maria and Brian went to the park where the author stated “The three of them stood huddled in the glare of ice and sun.'; (7) My heart sank. They just stood there accepting that their family was breaking up. I thought that Roger Pfingston wrote this story from his heart. I was able to put my self in Brian’s place and actually feel how I thought he would feel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story that stretched my imagination the most was “Charles'; by Shirley Jackson. Even though children have wild imaginations, it did not occur to me that a child in kindergarten would tell such an elaborate lie. When I looked back in the story, I found the spot where I think that Laurie first started to tell his lie. “The teacher spanked a boy, though, ... For being fresh'; was Laurie’s replay to his mother asking him what happened in school. “Laurie thought. “It was Charles';'; (14) When I reread this I thought that this was where Laurie decided to put on his act. I know that young children are capable of a lot of things, and some times they go unnoticed, like Laurie’s charade. This story seemed to be more like a fairy tale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Story that I think I will remember the longest is “Another April'; by Jesse Stuart. This story found a soft spot in my heart. I thought it was indescribable how much Grandpa enjoyed life. Grandpa was acting like an anxious little kid “Don’t get ’em, I won’t ketch cold.'; (37) Grandpa seemed to be filled with life. He waited every year to go out and be among the world.

America’s economy after the Civil war Essay

After the Civil war in the United States, Corporations grew significantly in number, size, and influence between the 1870s and 1900s. Big business impacted America’s economy, politics and as well as the Americans responses to these changes. Big business began when entrepreneurs in search for wealth and success combined their business into massive corporations. Vertical and horizontal integration were tactics used to make business grow faster. Vertical integration is the acquiring of material from the bottom up for means of production, for example Carnegie used this strategy. Horizontal integration is the controlling of other companies that produce the same product, which Rockefeller used. The corporations were so large that they could and some did, force out the competition which resulted them in gaining control of that particular market. This allowed corporations to set the prices they desired, which affected the consumers pocket as that was the only place they could obtain the product or good from. Business men who ran these large industries became extremely wealthy, powerful and influential, often at the expense of many poor workers, and much of the public saw them as robber barons who exploited workers, in order to accumulate immense fortunes. For example, in 1882 Rockefeller solidifies his control by establishing a monopoly or trust, which centralized control of a number of oil related companies under one board of trustee. By 1879, Rockefeller controlled 90% of the county’s oil capacity. As a result of this, companies in other industries quickly imitated this trust model and used their broad market control to raise prices. Also in document A, statistics are shown of the index prices to the average prices during a certain period of time and it is evident that as the years progressed, the cost for food, fuel and lighting decreased significantly but the cost of living of also decreased but not to the degree of the above mentioned. Trusts were a common way to force out the competition and control a market in the 1800s. Big business also impacted America politically as seen on document D. This political cartoon shows wealthy industrial owners, which are taking up most of the space in the US senate and are coming in from a door that is labeled â€Å"Entrance for monopolist† and all the trusts are lines up to enter. Also, in the left corner there is a door labeled â€Å"People’s entrance† that had a â€Å"closed† hanging from it, which clearly shows that the people do not have a say in the senate. This means that industries have a great amount of power in the senate as well as a big impact politically. Also in document B, from George E. McNeill, a labor leader, is a short passage about â€Å"The problem of today† in 1887. He starts out explains how the railroad president holds so much power that it is almost as if he were the king of the railroad. The article states that the railroad king collects his tithes, which is the 1/10th annual income given to clergy and to support the church, by lowering the worker’s wages. He also has the power to fire anyone, take away their income, delay trial on a suit at law, and postpone judgment indefinitely. This shows the amount of power in his hands, and how he has a say in politics and court. At the end, McNeill states, â€Å"In his right hand he holds the government; in his left hand, the people† to show the sense of control he has in both areas and the degree of his influence on both, the people, and his government. American’s responses to the growing corporations were evident in document C. In this document David A. Wells claims that individualism or independence of the producer in manufacturing has been in great degree destroyed as well as the pride workmen took in their work. Also, he says modern manufacturing systems have been brought into a condition similar of that of a military organization. This shows the rigidness of the bosses and the demand for their work to be perfect. It is also mentioned in this document that as a rule, workers are only good for one thing, and then are useless once there is no more work of that kind. Lastly, the works are no longer independent. But depend and have to obey rules to keep progressing. In document E, by Andrew Carnegie, he states that to set an example of modest he has to provide to those who depend on him. Andrew Carnegie of the steel industry donated much of his wealth to building libraries, schools, and universities to support the less fortunate or poor. The growth of corporations evidently impacted the economy and politics, as well as the American responses to these changes, in 1870-1900.

Manchester Airport Essay Example

Manchester Airport Essay Example Manchester Airport Essay Manchester Airport Essay The purpose of this report is to detail the key external environment issues surrounding Manchester Airport and how the Marketing Manger and the Operations Manager can attempt to influence or control these. The external environment is considered to be a far environment, therefore can neither be controlled nor influenced. This environment consists of Social, Legal, Technological, Economical and Political factors. For Manchester Airport these are: 1. Social – Demographics, Seasons, environmental issues. 2. Legal – Legislations. 3. Economic – Boom/bust cycle, interest rates, taxation and Government expenditure. . Political – The Government and legislation. 5. Technological – Information technology. Fig 1, Current environmental issues Social: The social factors include population factors of age, occupation, lifestyle and wealth distribution. These can all have major impacts on businesses. Age population can determine whether people will travel close to home or further away, as younger people have families, which means there is a budget attached to their spending. Older people tend not to have a young family to cater for and have a larger disposable income. Occupation determines a person’s lifestyle through their earnings and thus their wealth distribution. Seasons affect the travel industry as most people prefer to travel in the summer for the warmth; therefore it is seen as a peak period for Manchester Airport. Environment issues arise as the Airport wishes to be seen as caring for the local area to boost popularity. Therefore concern over pollution must be regarded as a priority. Legal: Legal factors for the Airport include legislations on security, noise, air pollution and waste management by the Government and EU Directives. This does has implications on operations through the cost involved. For example, the EU Directive on the maximum weekly working hour of 48 hours per employee and waste management, resulting in overall performance being influenced. Economic: The Economic factors of the boom/bust cycle are the affects of the 8 year cycle of national economies going into recession. This means production shrinks, so jobs are lost and people have less disposable income to spend. Interest rates rising tend to reduce demand as mortgage and credit charges rise. Taxation increases (or expenditure cuts) mean there will be less money for consumers to spend resulting in a shrink in demand. Expenditure increases (or reductions in taxation) result in more money for the economy and rise in demand. Political: Politically the Airport needs to respond to the prevailing political climate and adjust the marketing policy accordingly. EU laws are hard to influence or control, but Politicians can be influenced by lobbying over their laws. Security laws must be followed to ensure the safety of customers. This does bring high expenditure as stated in Flying to the Future, B202 DVD. Technological: Technologically Information Technology is vital to the smooth running and communications of the Airport at all levels. The system needs to function well, be reliable and staff need to be fully trained in this, which brings more cost. Fig 2, Micro- and Macro-environmental forces diagram, Essentials of Marketing, Third Edition by Jim Blythe. The macro-environment issues can have a huge impact on the company and its micro-environment and it tends to be difficult to influence. This is why the Airports policy should be seen as operating within a rapidly changing environment and must monitor and react to any changes to ensure goals are met. Marketing managers should be reactive to macro-environment factors. To do this effectively they need to analyse where they are by using a SLEPT situational analysis to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the Airport and opportunities and threats from the external environment. Once this has been established they need to analyse the firm’s position within the environment and itself with a SWOT situational analysis. Social: Demography lifestyle analysis affects the way customers are targeted, so being aware of current patterns helps the Airport to target the right people. For example, shifts in the birth rate cause distortions in the market thus allowing opportunities to target sales to a specific age group. Seasons affect when people whish to holiday and therefore create peak and off peak periods. This allows marketing to adjust fares etc accordingly and market more effectively. Being environmentally active and aware brings good publicity as a caring company, which is what Manchester Airport wants. The Company value as stated in the internet site is â€Å"Social Commitment – we are a responsible neighbour and invest in our community. † The Airports Environment Plan states that â€Å"it is important that this growth takes place In tandem with a stringent framework dealing with controls on environmental impacts†. Technological: The internet is an opportunity for advertising and direct marketing. Manchester Airport’s internet site uses this advantage to its full potential by including all relevant information for passengers to view. The main computer system used by the Airport for security checking of staff and passengers and all communications is working well, reliable and staff are fully trained internally by Manchester Airport Ventures, who run the training centre. Ventures now also train outside bodies which generate more capital for the Airport. The Company value, from the internet site, states that â€Å"Integrity we strive to be better every day and take steps to make it happen. Costs – we spend money on the things that really matter. † Legal: The Airport is required by law to protect its customers, the airlines. It chooses to protect the passengers for the airlines. This ensures the safety of everyone on site and thus a good working relationship between all parties. Environment laws bring cost. But this is required by the Government and also brings good publicity, as the Airport is seen to be actively caring for the environment and local area. Economic: The boom/bust cycle occurs approximately every 8 years, in which national economies have a recession. This brings production numbers to recede, loss of jobs and purchases are then reduced. Increased expenditure, or reduced taxation would mean more money in the economy and people will want and need travel and holidays. Taxation increase or expenditure cuts would bring less money and a loss in demand. It is essential to anticipate this management of demand in the economy. Political: Government policies cause shifts in emphasis and can disrupt the Airport operations. Being aware how to adapt the Airport policies to include these is essential to ensure continued running of all areas within the Airport. Government legislations can be influenced by lobbying. EU laws are difficult to control and influence. All of the above external factors will also impact on the operations of the Airport. The political and social environment has effect on operations through standards of welfare, health and safety at work. Operations Managers will need to ensure changes required are planned and controlled so the output conforms to requirements. A strategic plan for structural decisions, long, medium and short, can then be devised. The dynamic state of operations and the environment make it essential that there is feedback on progress. This enables changes to be made so the operation can work appropriately. This is control. The process of operations strategy looks at how operations policies, plans and principles are decided and developed. The overall objective for this will be: 1. Quality. This is key to improving performance against objectives. Manchester Airport achieves this through having a skilled workforce, technology and excellent communications. 2. Speed. The Airport has to ensure time is taken into account, as there are many people travelling through areas at one time. There are fire regulations on the number of people allowed in one area to consider. And, as stated in the DVD, Flying to the Future, if an area is overcrowded, passengers will become uncomfortable and stop spending in the retail outlets. 3. Dependability. This is how the Airport keeps its promises to its customers. So ensuring all systems are functioning well to keep all operations running on time is essential to enable passengers to move through the building. 4. Flexibility. Being flexible to seasons in the year enables the Airport to change the balance of the range of services to meet the needs of the Airport on a whole. This then ensure a cost effective operation is running smoothly. 5. Cost. This ensures finances are being used within budgets and appropriately. This can be achieved by reduced overheads, multi purpose equipment and facilities. Four variables are important to ensure the way the Airport operates. These key environmental factors are volume, variation, variety and customer contact. The operations should be designed so that it matches these features of its environment closely. Volume: The Airport has a high volume in the way that it has to repeatedly deliver its service. The use of technology by the Airport results in high output from an efficient process. Variation: Manchester Airport provides the correct level of capacity to meet the pattern of volume demands. Variety: The ability to be flexible is essential. The Airport has proved this since changing the way security is organised within the Airport Terminals. This high variety does need a lot of planning and control, which bring more overhead costs. Customer contact: The Airport has taken the service option of Front Office and Back Office. This ensures effective and efficient gains of planning and control. The above four factors will enable effective and efficient running of operations by determining how complex the task of managing the operation is. Once the above has been undertaken, the Systems Approach should be used to analyse operations. This will enable the Operations Manager to envisage the impact any operational changes will have on other areas linked. Three key ideas are involved in the systems approach, which are: 1. Environmental influences; it is important to identify the processes of the operation and design these in the most effective manner. 2. Control; information is gathered and compared with the Airport standard. This enables Management to proactively manage operations ensuring all predetermined standards are met. 3. Structure decisions; the hard system method should be followed here, as most problems surrounding operations within the Airport will have agreement from all, as there are guidelines to follow in this business. Fig , Operations Management in Context, by Galloway, Rowbotham and Azhashemi. All the above information on the effects of environmental issues in the Marketing and Operations areas and how to address them, have been detailed. Management should now be able to effectively incorporate the above into day to day work and filter it through to team members. Business graduate skills outcome. Example of how Block 1 case studies have contributed to my skills development. Self-assessment of current level of skill – high/medium/low; any actions to be taken. Learn from non-text as well as text-based materials enhancing your general study skills. 1. The text books and block books were very good to work with. 2. Case studies helped me to have a better understanding of how a subject worked. 3. I absorbed information from the DVD/CD after watching it repeatedly. 1. I enjoyed working with the text books, but I am still finding it hard to get into the study mode. It is maybe my age, but entering back into the world of business learning is proving harder than I anticipated. 2. Low. I need to create more time to learn the art of skim reading before re- reading chapters. 3. Medium. The need to take better notes to safe time must be learnt. I did not enjoy the Listening to the CD, I found it hard to take information in that way. I must re read the study skills information. Demonstrate thinking skills (holistic, integrative, critical) and show deeper understanding of some technically detailed topics. . My note taking initially took up too much time as I was writing down every item from pages I thought was important. 2. The block information as a whole has been a good starter for me entering into the first term of my degree. It has been hard, but eventually the information is starting to be understood by myself and applied. 3. I have found that I am no w using items learnt through this block in my working life at the Council. 1. Medium. I now highlight text in the book and make small notes at the side. I find this has sped the learning process up for me, which helps with the time limit. I still need to make time to re – read chapters after the first read. 2. Low. I still need to find more time to just sit and read all the information and let it sink in. I shall also try and give myself longer to complete self assessments and case studies. 3. Low – Medium. I am not using it as often as I would like. This is down to confidence issues, as I do not want to enter into a conversation/debate that I still do not fully understand. Use examples and analyse case studies to enhance understanding, support conclusions and illustrate issues concerning business functions in organisational contexts. I have found the B202 beginning difficult, but with the use of case studies and examples it has made the work easier to do. This is because it helps to explain the subjects to you through examples etc. Low. I need to study for more than 15 hours a week, as I am needing more time for information to sink in. This is until I find my feet with the course and find the balance between family, work and study. Bibliography. J Blythe, 2005, Essentials of Marketing, Third Edition, Essex, Pearsons Education Limited. L Galloway, F Rowbotham, M Azhashemi, 2005, Reprint, Burlington, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. M Hinton, J Holloway, Other Members of OU Course Team, Block 1 Introduction: Business Functions in Context, 2006, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Manchester Airport website, manchesterairport. co. uk/manweb. nsf accessed from November 28th until December 10th 2007. Flying to the Future, DVD, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Reference list Manchester Airport web site, Our Company Values, ttp://www. manchesterairport. co. uk/manweb. nsf/Content/OurCompanyValues. Manchester Airport website, Environmental Plan, manchesterairport. co. uk/manweb. nsf/Content/Environment

Euclid essays

Euclid essays Euclid Euclid of Alexandria is thought to have lived from about 325 BC until 265 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. There is very little known about his life. It was thought he was born in Megara, which was proven to be incorrect. There is in fact a Euclid of Megara, but he was a philosopher who lived 100 years before Euclid of Alexandria. Also people say that Euclid of Alexandria is the son of Naucrates, but there is no proof of this assumption. Euclid was a very common name at that time, so it was hard to distinguish one Euclid from another. That is the big reason why there is little known about Euclid of Alexandria. Euclid of Alexandria, whose chief work, Elements, is a comprehensive treatise on mathematics in thirteen volumes on such subjects as plane geometry, proportion in general, the properties of numbers, incommensurable magnitudes, and solid geometry. He was probably educated at Athens by pupils of Plato. He taught geometry in Alexandria and founded a school of mathematics there. The Data, a collection of geometrical theorems; the Phenomena, a description of the heavens; the Optics: the Division of the Scale, a mathematical discussion of music; and several other books have been attributed to him. Historians disagree as to the originality of some of his other contributions. Probably, the geometrical sections of the Elements were primarily a rearrangement of the works of previous mathematicians such as those of Eudoxus, but Euclid himself is thought to have made several original discoveries in the theory of numbers. Euclid laid down some of the conventions central to modern mathematical proofs. His book The Elements, written about 300 BC, contains many proofs in the field of geometry and algebra. This book illustrates the Greek practice of writing mathematical proofs by first clearly identifyin ...

Historical Context Matrix Essay Example

Historical Context Matrix Essay Example Historical Context Matrix Essay Historical Context Matrix Essay As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is important to understand the history of health care delivery to develop a working knowledge as you progress through the course. The following matrix is designed to help you develop that working knowledge. Fill in the following matrix. Each box should contain responses between 50 and 100 words. |Historical Context |Historical background? |Where is the care |Who is the caregiver? |Goal of the care? |How is care paid | |Matrix | |delivered? | | |for? . The |that they wanted. | | |full of different |people as possible. |were real drugs, the |doctors were a little |So instead of | | |potions and elixers |Once they got done |town doctor would have|bit more advanced in |paying with the | | |made from the many |with their speech |their patient come to |medicine and started |regular currency of| | |herbs found in their |and had everyone |their house and |being able to mend and|that time, they | | |travels. With every |believing their |administer the drug, |stitch the cuts and |would trade for it. | | |new area they went |remedies would work,|procedure or whatever |also to dig out the  |Sometimes the | | |there would be new an |they would sell |might need to be done |bullets in order to |sellers would want | | |elixer or potion that |their remedies of |to bring the patient |save the life or limb |supplies; sometimes| | |a medicine man or |snake oil in the |back to health. |of their patients. | They want food or | | |another doctor could |street, at houses, | | |drinks, or animals. | | |show them to make and |in stores, wherever | | |Whatever it is that| | |they would in turn |people were willing | | |the snake oil | | |bring them into towns |to buy. | | |sellers ask for in | | |and sell them and heal| | | |trade. | | |those that they can. | | | | | |Early hospitals |Hospitals in the |The idea for |Universities around |As advancements in |Hospitals did not | | |United States emerged |Hospitals grew in |the world had been |medicine and |work for trade like| | |from institutions, |the big cities to |training people to |technology grow, the |the old snake oil | | |notably almshouses |care for the sick |become doctors for |doctor’s job changed |sellers used to. | | |that provided care and|and poor. From this |years. That same thing|from simply bandaging |They would accept | | |custody for the ailing|generous idea came |is where these |or stitching a |cash as payment or | | |poor. Rooted in this |about the beginnings|hospitals got their |patient, to figuring |if cash was not | | |tradition of charity, |of multifaceted |staff. After years of |out what was wrong |available at the | | |the public hospital |municipal |training and a few |with them such as a |time your insurance| | |traces its ancestry to|institutions. |years of internship a |virus or disease and |company could help | | |the development  of . Whenever someone had|student of the medical|giving the proper |pay for the | | |cities and community |a sickness or injury|practice could become |medicine to alleviate |majority of the | | |efforts to shelter and|that could not be |a doctor and get paid |it. The goal for |hospital bills. | | |care for the |taken care of at |to work in the |doctors has always |Insurance was | | |chronically ill, |home, they could |hospitals healing the |been to heal sick or |accepted at most | | |deprived, and |come to the hospital|sick, delivering |injured patients and |places back then | | |disabled. |to receive the care |babies, and mending |to maintain the good |and would most | | | |that they need. |wounds. |health of those who |likely be the | | | | | |are not sick. |primary way to pay | | | | | | |hospitals around | | | | | | |the time of the | | | | | | |great depression. | |Local hospital |Over the years there |Facilities have |As more people arrive |There are a lot of |Most people do not | |autonomy |has been a population |advanced over the |needing help at |injuries occurring due|have the cash money| | |boom. Now that there |years from simple |hospitals and |to accidents and |needed to pay for | | |are more people in the|help organizations |advancements are being|shooting and break |the operations, | | |world that need help |for the poor and |made in the medical |ins. Also there are |tests, and | | |and it still takes |elderly to a |field. Doctors do not |more illnesses and |procedures that are| | |years for someone to |monopoly of |have the time needed |viruses being |done at the | | |go through all the |institutions in all |to see all the |transferred from |hospitals. However | | |schooling to become a |the cities of every |patients. So the role |person to person. It |the hospitals still| | |doctor, there is less |state. These |of helping people has |is the goal of the |need to be payed | | |time for doctor and |facilities have all |opened to Nurses and |hospital staff to |for their services | | |patient to become |the up to date |Interns to help those |stitch up the |and for medicine | | |acquainted so there is|equipment and |with less serious |injuries, give the |for the next | | |a lack of a personal |technology required |ailments or injuries. |proper medicine for |patient, so in | | |touch. The technology |to help their | |illnesses and viruses |order for them to | | |has got better over |patients with | |to keep people in the |get paid insurance | | |the years but the |whatever is needed | |best health possible. |takes over and | | |simple number of |heal them of | | |allows you to not | | |people needing help |injuries or | | |pay the full price | | |has caused the staff |sicknesses. | | |of the hospital | | |of hospitals to become| | | |bill. | | |less hospitable. | | | | | |Specialized care |There are more than |Originally all care |Those people who have |The mentally ill |If cash money is | | |just physical things |for people was given|gone to school and |patients need very |not available then | | |that keep a person |in hospitals, but |studied the specifics |specialized care over |insurance can cover| | |sick. Mental illnesses|due to the amount of|of these illnesses are|a long period of time |the medical bills | | |were brought into the |people and the |not your everyday |in order to completely|of the therapy that| ||medical field to try |specialized care |doctors. These are |make sure they are |is required for the| | |to provide care for |needed by the |your Psychiatrists, |cured or at least able|mentally or | | |the mentally |patients, facilities|Therapists, |to function properly |physically | | |challenged people. |were made |Neurologists and other|in normal society |impaired. Most | | |This care does not |specifically for the|specialized medical |without wanting to |people who are | | |fall under that of |mentally handicap, |practitioners. These |cause harm to |under this kind of | | |regular doctors, so |those needing both |specialized trained |themselves or others |specialized care | | |people went to school |physical, mental, or|professionals give |around them. The |are not able to pay| | |and studied these new |emotional therapy, |care to their patients|physical impaired such|for the treatments | | |medical phenomenons in|and those who are |with the most up to |as those who have lost|themselves, so | | |order to learn how to |suffering from |date technology and |a limb or have gone |their families | | |treat them. |insanity or other |treatment procedures |under a major surgery,|usually pick up the| | | |major illnesses such|available. |need to be watched |bill or watch over | | | |as PTSD. | |over by a trained |the patients funds | | | | | |professional to make |from before the | | | | | |sure they get the |accident or illness| | | | | |proper therapy needed |set in, until the | | | | | |to relearn how to use |funds are gone or | | | | | |those muscles and not |the family member | | | | | |hurt the joints or |decides to take | | | | | |tendons in their |over the payments. | | | | | |bodies. | | Write a 300-word summary describing how the history of health care has influenced health care today. The history of health care has influenced health care today by encouraging a lot of people to go to school and become a doctor and nurse. It influenced people to get the proper training to see about sick people and treat them. In the old days people did not know how to save people lives. They also didn’t have a hospital to go to. Everything was done at the house by a mid wife or the doctor came to the house to see you. In this generation you have a doctor office and a hospital to go to when you are sick. The only thing that I see that they have like the old days or a mid wife they call in the hospital if you are giving birth to a child and you want to do it the old fashion way. But the history of health care has change the way people feels about other people health in this life time. References http://thinkprogress. org/yglesias/2009/10/02/194591/health-care-in-1500/? mobile=nc medieval-life-and-times. info/medieval-life/medieval-doctors. htm http://patients. about. com/od/decisionmaking/a/Snakeoil. htm naph. org/Homepage-Sections/Explore/History. aspx.

Healthcare Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthcare Organization Management - Essay Example For a health care administrator, it is clear to utilize a strategy that assesses policies within the environment of the organization. Each organization faces different challenges. One of the heavy reflections that was taken from the article is the administration of Social Security within the context of HIPAA. This strategy is more for a standardized approach and does not cater to an individual organization. Hence, a more integrated approach is needed in order to understand and acknowledge the perspectives all stakeholders is illogical because every case is different. This article is relevant because it discusses the intricacies of healthcare field, which is the focal point of discussion in our class. Since this class discusses the impacts of healthcare, it is highly crucial to understand the current environment of healthcare and how it correlates with this discussion. processes are placed. Another important aspect within the realm of 120,000 eligible healthcare professionals and more than 3,300 hospitals have qualified to participate, which allows a seamless access of patients to extract their information online â€Å"outpatient lab reporting† as a menu option for hospitals and â€Å"recording clinical notes† as a menu objective for both physicians and hospitals. Stageful 2 is a supplementary transition for organizations from stageful. The purpose is to also facilitate regulation in an organizational environment. One thing I took away from the article is that in order to be more lucrative in this field, education is extremely

Communication - Monroe's Motivated Sequence Assignment

Communication - Monroe's Motivated Sequence - Assignment Example what you’re doing in your communities as what we’re doing here in Washington; and it’s gonna take all of us working together.† These lines create the need in every listener living in America. It creates the realization that people should do their part too because any good outcome will also be for them. Satisfaction - The First Lady introduces the project â€Å"United We Serve† and presents how everybody can make the changes needed. She states: â€Å"With the knowledge that ordinary people can achieve extraordinary things when given the proper tools, this initiative aims to both expand the impact of existing organizations and encourage people like you and me to develop our own do-it-yourself service projects.† She presents a tangible, possible solution to the current problem. Visualization - The First Lady painted a verbal picture of how fulfilling it is to help other people achieve their goals. â€Å"The fulfillment of putting your faith into action and feeling that you’re part of something bigger than yourself, and doing your part for the greater good.† According to Price, this is an effective way to â€Å"appeal to [the listeners’] emotions and desires.† Action - As Price mentioned, â€Å"Remember, people don’t like to get outside of their comfort zones and spend their own time solving the problem you’ve presented, so be sure to make the action steps easy on them.† Thus, the First Lady’s offer to simply â€Å"Log on to serve.gov and let’s work together to build a new foundation for America† makes it easy for the people to act. It basically makes one feel that the solution is right at the tip of their fingers, and all they need to do is to click. Attention – Beiber’s opening statement of facts about being a teenager grabs the target market’s attention. â€Å"There are some things that just come with being a teenager†¦And then there’s zits...I can’t stop that.† Immediately, the target market will want to hear more of what is being

The New Strategy by the Seven-Eleven Stores Essay

The New Strategy by the Seven-Eleven Stores - Essay Example This will paralyze the distribution and meet the customer’s needs. The new strategy was anchored on demand, which was seasonal and was dependent on the new products thus this faced the risk of collapsing when the season was over. In addition, the decision-making process is made within three days, which means some decisions can contribute to business collapse as some decisions needed a lot of time (Akira 2003, p.66). Â  The Seven Eleven Company in Japan employed the use of the integrated store information system that aimed at simplifying its mode of operations. The installed information system connected each outlet, distribution stores, suppliers, and the headquarters of the company. The company in1991 developed two-way and online communication that enabled the company to link with their suppliers and customers’. In 2007, the Seven-Eleven introduced internet shopping that enabled the company to meet their customers online by enabling the customers to buy the products online that were not in their retail shops. This online service solved the problem of transportation while delivering goods to their clients situated in various parts of Japan. The distribution system of the company was flexible enough to change their delivery services to their clients thus meeting their demand (Akira 2003, p.67).This provided the customers with the element of convenience since they could not travel to retail shops to make purchases. The company further concentrated on regional merchandizing thus enabling them to meet their customer preferences easily.

Mitt Romney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mitt Romney - Essay Example Mitt Romney has good policies but people fail to feel his sentiments in issued that affect ordinary Americans. One of the ways this has come out is by Mitt Romney failing to sound so original in his campaign scripts. When people perceive a leader honest, then he passed the likability test. He presents himself as Obama’s direct contrast as opposed to addressing the immediate concerns of America. Therefore he should explain how to shall fix the American economy while at same time look easy and approachable to all Americans. Romney should just be easy with his personality. He should not seem to try too hard. He should just be passionate about what he believes. The best messages to use should be aimed at addressing the ailing economy. He should clearly demonstrate how the current administration has failed and offer brand new solutions to alleviate the suffering of jobless Americans. This should be done with America in mind not Obama in mind. The campaign message should inform American the demerits of failing to support him and also offer more firm and well worded responses to democrats’ election propaganda. The target audience should be all Americans. Messages should however be customized to different age, social and economic groups depending on the place and the time of the speeches. This is because different groups understand the same message differently. The audience should see the passion and the merit of the issues he addresses. It’s not enough to have sound economic policies for a Mitt to beat Obama. Charisma and ability to speak and move people is equally important. This is because Obama is a gifted orator who sounds convincing with ease. The difference shall be how the message is presented that the attitude that Americans can read from the tone used. The energy in the campaign trail and absolute confidence that people really need what you have got to offer is equally important. The

The Cause of Aggressive Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Cause of Aggressive Crime - Essay Example impulse control is important in violent crime, as studies have shown that it can be (Roy & Linnoila, 1988), and that this could have come from an inability to manage anger through parenting control. I also felt that this could be linked to seeing others commit violent acts, particularly during development. Many others feel a similar way, as the suggestion that violent video games can be triggering for young people has shown (Siegel, 2011). This is part of the sociological positivism theory of crime , and relies on the thought that a person is not necessarily born bad, but is a result of many different interacting factors in his or her history. However, there are three other theories about the causes of violent crime, including biological positivism, psychological positivism and rational cause (Siegel, 2011). After studying this topic in more detail, it seems as though rational cause theories may be more applicable to other forms of crime (such as tax evasion, which require more thought) than to violent crime. In this sense, my views on violent crime have not changed, as I had never held the belief that someone makes a choice in their own right to become aggressive or violent. However, it is interesting to consider biological and psychological theories for crime, as there appear to be a lot of different elements that interact to create a person susceptible to violent impulses (Fajnzylber, Lederman & Loayza, 2002). Psychological positivism suggests that violence and aggression may be a result of offender mental illness or that they may have a personality disorder (Blackburn, 1993). This illness or disorder may have stemmed from biological factors or be a result of trauma, so it includes some aspects of sociological positivism (Blackburn, 1993). Biological positivism also helps to illustrate that there are different biological features of a person that may cause them to be more violent or aggressive, such as having a lower heart rate (Blackburn, 1993). I fell that

Mitt Romney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mitt Romney - Essay Example Mitt Romney has good policies but people fail to feel his sentiments in issued that affect ordinary Americans. One of the ways this has come out is by Mitt Romney failing to sound so original in his campaign scripts. When people perceive a leader honest, then he passed the likability test. He presents himself as Obama’s direct contrast as opposed to addressing the immediate concerns of America. Therefore he should explain how to shall fix the American economy while at same time look easy and approachable to all Americans. Romney should just be easy with his personality. He should not seem to try too hard. He should just be passionate about what he believes. The best messages to use should be aimed at addressing the ailing economy. He should clearly demonstrate how the current administration has failed and offer brand new solutions to alleviate the suffering of jobless Americans. This should be done with America in mind not Obama in mind. The campaign message should inform American the demerits of failing to support him and also offer more firm and well worded responses to democrats’ election propaganda. The target audience should be all Americans. Messages should however be customized to different age, social and economic groups depending on the place and the time of the speeches. This is because different groups understand the same message differently. The audience should see the passion and the merit of the issues he addresses. It’s not enough to have sound economic policies for a Mitt to beat Obama. Charisma and ability to speak and move people is equally important. This is because Obama is a gifted orator who sounds convincing with ease. The difference shall be how the message is presented that the attitude that Americans can read from the tone used. The energy in the campaign trail and absolute confidence that people really need what you have got to offer is equally important. The

Developing an attendance management and rehabilitaion policy Essay

Developing an attendance management and rehabilitaion policy - Essay Example Under Innocent absenteeism, employees fail to go to work for reasons that are beyond their control. According to Cascio & Boudreau (2008, p. 45), IHC, which is one of the UK healthcare consultants argued that half of UK workplace absence his not often related with health problems. People just decide to attend their domestic or personal issues while others are not motivated by their jobs and various other reasons (Griffin, 2011, p. 280). Absenteeism is a global issues that face almost all companies though rates of absenteeism varies across companies depending on company location, size, industry type, weather, and job stress inherent in a given job position and responsibility. Some of the reasons for work absenteeism include poor attitude toward work that may rise from abuse of freedom or critical issues like sick leave permissions. Personal or family problems including the need to take care of sick children or elderly, family conflicts, pregnancy problems among most women among other reasons are cited as common causes of absenteeism (Jacobson and School of Psychology, 2007, p. 136). In organizations where the workforce constitutes of aging population, there are often high rates of absenteeism since older people may not be able to hand work overload. In places where employees are stressed, absenteeism is often high, work-related stress may rise from poor feedback between employees and management, harassment and bullying, poor remunerations, overworking among other issues. As mentioned by Jacobson and School of Psychology (2007, p. 136), involuntary absenteeism may occur where employees are not provided with required transport. Other reasons of absenteeism may include activities of the organization such as trips, entertainment or training of staff. According to Cascio & Boudreau (2008, p. 46), some of the direct costs

Leaving home Essay Example for Free

Leaving home Essay Note: I think u should define the authors definition of obligation and loyalty in the introduction or ur understanding of their definitions in terms of ur thesis cuz sometimes its hard to understand the difference b/w the two..and that shouldnt really happen cuz that is the focus of ur essay Red: corrections (make sure u read the sentence wit read stuff cuz the whole sentence had to change sometimes) Blue: comments Yellow highlight: erase those things (not needed) Leaving home is a difficult choice for any individual to make. A decision of this caliber contains conditions of no obligation, enforced obligation, and obligation in conflict with loyalty. Under these circumstances, a citizens loyalty to his/her country ceases to make sense, which is supported by Shklars article, Obligation, loyalty, exile. Judith Shklar, in her essay has evidently analyzed the argument of obligation, loyalty and exile, in regards to emigration. Though there are many unconditional matters to be questioned, the focus of this essay will be on the in my interest to structure (structure of wat, exile?) and define the chosen reasons for exile argued in Shklars article. In ordinary talk the two words loyalty and obligation are generally used interchangeably as if they were identical, but it is Shklars argument that it is important not only to keep them apart but to go on to make clear the distinctions between obligation, commitment, loyalty, allegiance, and fidelity. (Shklar, 182) This essay will support her argument and show how both obligation and loyalty are both principle elements that force a person to exile. Obligation is defined as rule governed conducts and political obligation specifically refers to laws and law-like demands, made by public agencies. (Shklar, 183) When thinking of obligation, one may connect it with loyalty. Many individuals come to the conclusion that obligation exists where there is loyalty, but another view argued by Shklar argues is that it is more rational to keep them separate. Through her extreme examples of exiles such as limiting case, Shklars arguments are adequate and evident. (I dont think u need this sentence, if u want it there, it needs to be reworded-try to maintain one tense-usually present tense) It is an individual right to feel protected by his or her own country, a right for a sense of belonging, and, most importantly, mainly a the right to be protected. With regards to obligation and exile, it is common practice to one would question the importance of justice. Injustice not only cancels obligations and undermines loyalties, however resilient the latter may seem; it also engenders the conflict between obligation and the effective ties that bind us. (Shklar, 197) Hence, if this statement is true,(dont say this ur trying to prove ur thesis, by saying if, ur argument weakens-ur arguments have to be strong) it is reasonable to conclude that justice arises with the presence of both obligation and loyalty. Unfortunately, it has become increasingly difficult to maintain justice due to the rise in swindle, cheating, and lying in government strategy. Betrayal to state and irrational obligation has become another reason why an individual would exile from his or her country. (this sentence doesnt really flow with the essay at this point, but maybe if u reword it, itl work-but seems like its another agrument in itself) Enforcement of law, where forced obligation becomes unbearable, may also lead an individual to exile. The author portrayed this reason of exile through an example of a French army man, Traifis. Traifis was accused of passing secrets to Germans and was convicted and charged accordingly. Through all of this, he still became loyal to obey (wrong word-wat r u trying to say?-protect?) his country, though in reality he was betrayed by his own state. The author finds it difficult to understanding how one could still be loyal to a country without feeling obligated. (this needs to be explained more-the definitions of the 2 cuz its hard to understand the difference at this point, or how they do/dont relate to eachother) His obligation ceased, and he signed up with the army again; this shows that his loyalty is greater than the feeling of obligation. This is a case which Shklar would describe as crazy. (dont need this sentence) It is important to note how Shklar stresses that obligation is a reasoned answer. If one cannot come up with a reasoned answer as to why he or she should obey, then there is no place for obligation to exist. (this is good to put in ur intro to describe the meaning of obligation in the eyes of the authorif not, put it in the beginning of this argument, itll help the reader understand ur argument better) An important point to note is that those who leave home do not necessarily disobey the state, but rather the state has disobeyed them. As ones right to feel safe is taken away, the insecurity drives the citizen away from his or her own land. Shklar uses more specific and extreme cases to strengthen her argument that it is the degree of injustice and cruelty that many ordinary people have been through in the past, and unfortunately many more are victims of same examples today. (u need a more strong concluding sentence and I think u should only uses this lsat point if u give an actual example from the article-if its just a point within her essay, dont say its a specific extreme case-maybe say that she is strong to point out that..) Government conduct is only one of the driving factors of exile, for emotional attachment plays a large part in an individuals actions as well. (this is to tie in the two arguments together, as for the beginning of the sentence, thats wat I understood of the first argument, if its wrong, then change it.jus wanted to give u a idea for a concluding sentence) The emotional attachment to loyalty varies that from obligation. Sklar points out that [t]he emotional character of loyalty also sets it apart from obligation. If obligation is rule driven, loyalty is motivated by the entire personality of an agent. Political loyalty is evoked by nations, ethnic groups, churches, parties, and by doctraines, causes, ideologies, or faiths that form and identify associations. (Shklar, 184). Thus, loyalty is deeply affective and not primarily rational. (Shklar, 184) These are all characters that enhance a persons beliefs and values, and are very essential to ones personality, and, most importantly, affect the persons judgment regarding loyalty. The above mentioned characteristics also give the individual a sense of identity (if this is a quote from the article, it needs to be referenced). As the author argues, political loyalty may survive, but not obligation to obey the law. That is why I assumed that exiles have no obligation to the country that expels them illegally and unconstitutionally, demonstrating how loyalty exceeds obligation. (Shklar, 190) If the state refuses to oblige to citizens responsibility, then in return the citizen is not obligated'(dont use quotes-maybe italisize or bold for affect-only try to use quotes for direct ones, otherwise it gets confusing) to obey its state. The tension of loyalty arises as the terms nationalism, betrayal, fear of its own state, and most importantly exile, are questioned. The physical and emotional abuse of state being the push factor of your exile, makes ones belonging to his/her own country meaningless, and makes the other side (wat is the other side?) seem more prominent. If one is loyal to a country, one may choose to stay, though on the other hand, obligation would not last as long as loyalty. Though it may seem easier to exile (maybe u should use flee the country or something, exile doesnt seem to fit) without feeling obligated to his or her state, but the choice is still difficult to make. When loyalty is questioned, one becomes very pessimistic of his or her own conclusions, as loyalty is a feeling that is not reasoned, but is not irrational. Leaving home is not an easy choice for any individual to make, this point has been now stated several times in this essay and has a stronger meaning than one may think. (I dont think u need this sentence to start of this paragraph) Leaving home can be described by the word exile, which can be defined as: someone who involuntarily leaves the country of which he or she is a citizen. (Shklar, 187). Exile can be caused by poverty, fear, war, betrayal of politics and/or injustice. All these elements in ones mind can be judged by the religion of obligation and loyalty. Suffering the threat of exile can sometimes be worse than a soldier taking off to fight in war. My parents also faced a great obstacle which lead them to face the fear of exile. The life story of my parents that has taken place from country to country, Pakistan to Norway, and Norway to Canada. At a young age, my parents moved from Pakistan to Norway in hope for a bright future. Though they were both loyal to their home country, they felt no obligation to stay and change its unstable political state. My mother joined my father after he had established a business and home, and as years passed they both became good citizens of Norway, and my mother joined the government working for the immigration department. Aside from their own professions, they were both journalists working for their own small community in the city of Oslo. As they worked closer with the state, the feeling of belonging became more uncomfortable. This was a kind of state which did not appreciate your religion and/or culture. Hence, Norway can be described as a very nationalist country. At the age of seven, I was sent to live with my aunt in Pakistan to start school there. It was not the knowledge of math or science that was better, but the knowledge of my religion and culture that was very important to my family. Living in a Caucasian (another word for white) society, my parents were scared that I would not be able to interact with the people that surrounded me due to the difference in our religious and cultural beliefs. As the separation (separation from wat?) was starting to become difficult, my parents were forced to search for another solution. As a child, I cannot recall finding it very difficult to fit it (use another word for fit in-its too casual), but as years passed, I realized the ugly truth of being an outcast, and started noticing little incidents where I was treated different then the rest of the group. My parents had always known this reality, but chose to stay silent, thinking it may be ignored. It became more visible when my teacher started behaving different. I was a good student, and when my participation was greater than the rest of the group, I was simply asked to leave the class. As I left, I left with great pain and humiliation. My parents were well settled with a prosperous business and a good life within our home, though the outside reality of life was very constrained. Though they were fortunate in wealth, they were less fortunate in freedom of expressing their own identity. The struggle to seeking an ethnological society led to a search for a better land, where freedom to be oneself was considered as an important right. This is how I ended up in POL81A at the University of Toronto. My parents packed up everything they had worked hard for over the last twenty-four years and migrated to Canada. Being able to attend Friday prayers at mosque or celebrate Eid with joy or simple things like being able to say I am Muslim, were characteristics that mattered the most for my family. Being able to live in an environment of tolerance, acceptance and multiculturalism is like living in peace after war. It is important to note that my parents always obeyed the state, but they lost their loyalty as they lost their identity. The restricted conditions which forced my family to hide their identity, forced us to exile into a strange country, but in hope for a promised land. Politics has formed its behavior into a universal religion, where its faith depends on loyalty and obligation. Comments: ur last argument was very well written.and made up very well might I add 🙂 neways, I hope my comments help, cuz sometimes I really didnt no how to change some if without really knowing wat the article was about. Good luck!

The Scale and Diversity of the Hospitality Industry

The Scale and Diversity of the Hospitality Industry The Hospitality Industry is one of the most vast and fast growing Industries in the World. Its industry is known to provide services like providing food, beverages and accommodation. Some key job titles in this vast industry that help run it are namely: Accommodation manager, Catering manager, Conference centre manager, Event organizer, Fast food restaurant manager, Hotel manager, Public house manager, Restaurant chain area manager, Restaurant manager. To get a job in this field the employer may consider several facts like ones past education and personal aspects like: Personality, consistency in work, a keen attitude, a friendly nature, a willingness to work, confidence, neat appearance, cleanliness, personal hygiene, over all personality, ability to provide customer service efficiency and honesty at work. Apart from being one of the highest rated and desired industries to start a profession in The Hospitality Industry also offers equality among all. From a survey done by The INTERNATINAOL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT, Volume 16,Issue 2, June 1997, pages 161-179, read an article stating EQUAL OPPERTUNITIS FOR WOMEN EMPLOYEES IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: A COMPARISONBETWEEN FRANCE, ITALY SPAIN AND THE UK by Jean Burrell, Simon Etta Manfred and Hilary Rollin. The article stated how the Hospitality industry in the UK offers equal posts for women as well as men irrespective of their cast, race etc. The industry of hospitality has been a great source all over the world in generating employment. The Hospitality industry is a large employer to many ethnic minorities all over the world. The Industry makes a major part of its earnings from several sources one of the main sources being the foreign exchange earnings. Tourism being one of the main segments of the hospitality industry it very important to know about its aspects for the growth and the scope of the hospitality industry. Chris Cooper the author of the book Contemporary Tourism Reviews said that the, tourism industry can be defined as a whole range of individuals, businesses, organizations and places which combine in some way to deliver a travel experience. The hospitality industry can be claimed to be the most elaborate working sector in the market today. It is present in practically every field and everyplace. Be it schools, colleges, hotels, prisons, airports, stations etc. The Hospitality Industry consists of a very broad category of various fields within the industry itself also, Such as Restaurants bars Marketing sales Human resources Housekeeping Travel agencies Tourism management Front office Hotels/Lodging etc The hospitality industry has contributed in many ways to the betterment of the society. These may include an increase in disposable incomes, offering more time for leisure activities, easier and cheaper ways to travel as a result of an improved style of living. These contributions made by the hospitality industry are significant and wide-ranging. Production and service, leisure service, large as well as small-scale employments are some factors that are contributed by the hospitality industry. Catering and the hotel industry are known as one of the fastest growing industries in the world today. They are not only the key element of the tourism department but also a huge donor towards bringing in foreign currency. From one of the surveys conducted by THE BRITISH HOSPITALITY ASSOCIATION, 2004 overseas visitors spent close to 12 billion pounds of a total value of 76 billion pounds which was the total amount of the tourism (2003) Millions of people like to have a quick snack or prefer having meals near their place of work or study, this is possible through a large contribution of cafà ©s, restaurants, public houses etc. PRESS RELEASEUNITED KINGDOM: RESTAURANTS MARKET RESERCH REPORT RELEASED IN MARCH 2009 MBD`s REPORT: after researching the restaurants market in the UNITED KINGDOM and also taking into account other factors the following report was made by MBD. MARKET REVIEW 2004 2008 In the year 2008 the restaurants industry in the UK had faced a decline of 3% (around  £5373 million) this is due to a descending pressure on restaurant turnover caused by an increase in economic qualms. Also there was a downfall in consumer spending due to rising cost of food. From 2004 2007 there was an early increase in the sales resulting to a growth in the industry every year . MARKET FORECAST 2009 2013 Fats food, take away, pick and go services, in-house catering facilities are a furthermore huge contribution towards improvement In standard of living, offering discretionary income which is enjoyed by a huge majority of people which was only constrained just to the affluent in the society. Being one of the fastest expanding sectors of the economy, the hospitality industry solely stands as a multi billion and growing industry. It offers so much accompanied with entertainment, food, accommodation etc, and unlimited opportunity. The industry is so immense, that it offers diverse people a various number of job opportunities to chose from in their area of interest all within the same industry. Common features involved in the hospitality management are planning, directing, organizing and controlling of material as well as human resources within the lodging, travel and tourism, restaurant, institutional management, recreational management. All of these are separate yet related segments of the same industry interdependent on each other to provide service to the guest. There are various Sectors within the Hospitality industry it self, such as: Food and Beverage Lodging Recreation Travel Tourism THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM The Classification System can be based on a various number of things depending on the Food service, size and additional facilities etc. Mostly all major departments are also sub divided in to other sub divisions so as to cater to specific needs and also offer a large variety of options to choose from allowing one to choose exactly what is demanded and also helps to compare and contrast between several options. FOOD AND BEVERAGE The food and beverage industry can also be stated as the backbone of the hospitality sector. Offering food and beverage services from sectors as small as a pub at the corner to a 5 star club. From a small cafà © with a preset menu to a gigantic catering company serving more than a 1000 people a day. The Food and beverage industry has undergone many changes over the past years depending on the factors of continual evolution in global market forces, changes in consumer preferences, regulation proposed by the government, which are making direct effects on the change in manufacturing strategies around the world. Major and familiar names such as MC DONALDS, COCA COLA, STARBUCKS ETC can be found almost everywhere in the world proving the fact how the industry had expanded during the past half century. The growth in the food and beverage industry has brought an economic boom to many nations such as CHINA, INDIA, BRAZIL, and VIETNAM. The FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY can be further sub-classified into many smaller groups such as BARS AND TAVERNS CATTERING FAST FOOD FRANCHISES GENRAL FOOD SERVICE AND HOSPITALITY QUICK SERVICE VENDING TAKE OUT/AWAY AND DELIVERY SERVICES FIVE STAR HOTEL REF: http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.upgradetravelbetter.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/11/versace- A LODGE REF: http://www.google.co.uk/images?hl=enbiw=1440bih=679gbv=2tbs=isch%3A1sa=1q=lodgeaq=faqig10aqloq Different segments of Hospitality Catering There are several types of catering naming a few: Wedding food catering Corporate Catering Buffet Catering Ala carte Catering Party Catering Commercial Catering Types Of Full service Hotels Convention Hotel Luxury Hotel Resort Hotel Extended-Stay Hotel Types Of Limited service Hotels Limited-service Hotels Budget Hotels Specialty Accommodations Conference Centers Lodges Bed-and-Breakfast Hostel Campgrounds Institutional Housing Dormitory Senior Housing

Racism Essay -- essays research papers

Discrimination - Racism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Racism, the belief that one race possesses inherent traits that make that particular race superior, or racial prejudice. Discrimination has always been an issue globally, and within our nation. While it was more commonly accepted and practiced decades ago, it is still quite prominent in the hearts of many people worldwide and is demonstrated through their behavior. It was common practice to keep slaves, or people who submit entirely to another’s will, for work, and other duties. Slaveholding was allowed in the United States until 1865, when Amendment XIII was ratified. The date June 19th, 1865 is when the last slaves were said to be freed. Human Rights are basic fundamental rights, such as freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, or execution, which should be granted to all peoples. Civil Rights are mainly nonpolitical rights, such as personal liberties, that are included in the amendments to the US Constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Segregation is the s eparation of different races/groups in living arrangement, social situations, and educational facilities, or other areas open for discrimination. The United States made the first step towards desegregation in 1954 with the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Brown v. the Board of Education. That case overturned the previous pro-segregation decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, and stated that separate but equal educational facilities were not, in fact, equal, and o...

Preserving Order in Luther and Hobbes Essays -- Philosophy Essays

Preserving Order in Luther and Hobbes Both Martin Luther and Thomas Hobbes believe in preserving order. Their writings paint pictures of strong sovereigns and obedient subjects. Yet while both men see it as wrong to overthrow a sovereign, they recognize that sovereigns are overthrown and that the sovereigns must do what they can to prevent this. On top of that both men see different causes for their sovereigns’ creation, set different ends for their sovereigns, and would limit the actions of the sovereigns to those specific ends. Hobbes, whose sovereign is created as an alternative to the state of nature, places the possibility of the state collapsing as the limits of that sovereign’s power. Luther, whose rulers are appointed by God, would limit their power only by their fear of God. These differences play out in the few cases in which Hobbes and Luther give the people permission to disobey the rulers. Thomas Hobbes says that there must be a strong sovereign because it is the only possibility other than the state of nature. In the state of nature every man is equal and having equal rights to all things, all would be in constant war against one another. In this case no one is assured that he will have the fruits of his own labor, and thus there is no labor done but life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." That man would choose to remain in this state is not an option to Hobbes. He says that for men to "seek peace and follow it" is a law of nature. Thus for Hobbes obedience to the sovereign is a choice that everyone must make, because it is natural and reasonable to make it, and because it is the only option other than the state of nature. Martin Luther, on the other hand, does not really consider a state of ... ...military is large enough, and the people poor enough, that there is no chance for the people to rebel, then the sovereign may do what he wills and the people will have to accept it. Order will be maintained. However, if the people’s beliefs are moving towards ones promoting rebellion or they have the material resources available too rebel then this will limit the sovereign and he will have act appropriately. Works Cited Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1994. Luther, Martin. "Admonition to Peace, A Reply to the Twelve Articles of the Peasants in Swabia, 1525." In Luther’s Works: Volume 46. edited by Robert C. Shultz. 17-45. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. "Temporal Authority: To What Extent it Should be Obeyed, 1523." In Luther’s Works: Volume 45. edited by Robert C. Shultz. 81-130. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 89.

Equal participation of women in all fields Essay

If you are educating a women, you are educating a whole family. In today’s world equal participation of women in all fields has become very important. Now we cannot say that women can’t do anything that the men can do and in such a world where women can do whatever they want to. Nobody can stop them. For example today’s women are joining army,taking part in business, stock markets and what not and the most amazing thing about women are that they are multitalented BUT SOME PEOPLE DO NOT ALLOW WOMEN TO PROGRESS AND VIOLET THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. SUCH PEOPLE HAVE NARROW THINKING. Liberation OF WOMEN HAS TAKEN A LOT OF TIME BUT IT IS NOT COMPLETED. As per the statistics data, Literacy rate increased from 8% to 55% from 1971 to 2001, work & employment increased from 14% to 40% In administrative and political area only 10 -12%. Only 3% of Judges are women This is not enough. What is hindering equal opportunity? Managing home and work   Social Evils . Ignorance or Lack of Awareness & Safety What is the solution? Education, Empowerment and Enforcement. Develop from childhood .Introduce stringent laws and enforcement Provide Better Transport and Working conditions Women play a critical role in the overall progress of a country as they constitute half the human resources of a nation. The economic wealth of a country is seriously depleted if about half of the nation’s human resource is neglected .

Short & Long Term Career Goals

Education has always been an important aspect of my life. Although there have been trials and tribulations I have surmounted them. My story is not one of a privileged life not wanting or wishing for anything. Instead it is a dream, a dream to be able to fulfill what is my destiny. On December 14, 2005 I will have my associate's degree; it has been a long time coming, and it is finally here. I have managed to maintain full time work to support myself and my family while attending to school to accomplish one of my life long dreams. By attending Drexel this would not only afford me the opportunity to continue my dream of furthering my education but it will also allow me to advance in my industry. My short term career goals include furthering my education in business administration; Drexel will allow me to do that. Long term Drexel will give the tools, confidence, and background necessary to advance even further in my career goals. Business has been my passion for a number of years, Drexel will allow me to have more of a hand on approach, and it will allow me to be even more of a key player in the business industry. Over time my goals continue to grow and advance, Drexel will allow me to make my current goals a reality and work toward my future goals and the ones that I will create in the future. The main way that Drexel would help me with my current and future goals is through affording me a great education, with a wonder staff and plentiful resources as my disposal. These tools are priceless, and impossible to truly measure. All I can say is that it is my beliefs that Drexel is the best place for me to continue my education. Through researching the school and the programs that are offered through Drexel, I believe that the business program best suits my life style. The program allows flexibility which is extremely important in my life. My short term career goals include: advancing my knowledge base in the field of business administration, balancing work and family, becoming more confident in my abilities as a degreed professional, learn how to deal more efficiently in my professional life and personal life. Drexel can help me reach these goals by, affording me the opportunity to have a flexible school schedule, by teaching me the necessary tools to needed to become more confident in my personal and professional abilities, giving me a platform to increase my skills in business as well as interpersonal skills necessary to survive in the business world. Long term goals include, advancing into a higher position with my current employer, or possibly starting my own business, becoming a motivator and teacher to others through my knowledge and experience. Drexel can aid me in reaching these long term goals in the same ways that Drexel can help me reach the short term career goals. One is through allowing a platform to gain further education in the field of business. By advancing my knowledge in the field of business, I hope to be able to be an inspiration to others, as well as have the tools necessary to be effective in my endeavors as well as help others obtain their lifelong goals. Drexel University is the perfect fit for me. I know that if I am allowed to become a part of the student body all of my dreams will become realities. There is no where to go but up with a Drexel education. If given the opportunity you will not be disappointed. I give every endeavor 100%! Education is necessary in continuing my goals. My Bachelors is just the beginning, just a single step leading up the stairway of my lifelong dreams. Thank you in advance for considering me for your Bachelors program.

How you have applied your prior learning at HND Business studies level Essay

How you have applied your prior learning at HND Business studies level in your work - Essay Example from society or behaviour or family. I have achieved Higher National Diploma in 1984 as the result of my study during the span of 1982-84 from Thames Valley University, which is presumed to be the number 1 modern university of London (Thames Valley University, n.d.). The study of HND has been of great help me in the long career of mine. The modules that I studied in the course, way back in 1982 to 1984 always had its real life applications. The modules that were part of the course included economic geography, organisation and human relations, accounting and information systems, international business environment and business and society. Also, the Higher National Diploma had the subjects like buyer behaviour, marketing and the market research, travel and tourism and personnel management. The knowledge that I received in the yearly days of my career helped me lot to shape the future course of action. At the very outset of my career, I had the opportunity to work with the famous ice cream brand, Walls. Though, the job that I was engaged with was really not that significant for such a brand of repute, yet my knowledge and application of Higher National Diploma helped me to soon get promoted. I joined the ice-cream house as the phone sales person. But soon with my flair for the job along with my knowledge in buyer behaviour and aspects of marketing, I over achieved the target and got promoted to the office administration. In the administration of Walls, which is now a subsidiary of the Unilever, I continued for couple of years (Unilever, n.d.). In the mean time, I had an offer from a pub for the post of assistant manager. I presumed the offer to be better than the job that I was into both in terms of monetary benefits and as well as authorities and responsibilities. So, I went for the job of the assistant manager at the pub. Being Assistant Manager at the pub, I could experience wide range of activities. It also helped at developing the managerial skills

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example This article mainly discusses Breakeven Analysis such that the first section highlights the definition of breakeven point along with its graphical representation. Next section describes the importance of breakeven analysis. Last part of this article outlines the implications of breakeven analysis followed by the conclusion which summarize the article. Breakeven Point The level of sales or production quantity which can bring the company in a position where it neither generates any profits nor incur any losses, that point is called as breakeven point or level (tutor2u). When a particular product is manufactured, it has mainly two components which are variable costs and fixed costs. In order to reach at the breakeven level of sales, variables costs are deducted from the sales to arrive at the contribution margin. The percentage of that contribution margin with respect to sales is then compared with fixed costs resulting in the breakeven level of sales. If the contribution margin is prov ided in per unit terms, then break even quantity to be sold would be found. Following are the formulae for Breakeven Sales Level and Breakeven Quantity: Breakeven Sales Level = Fixed Cost / Contribution Margin (%) Breakeven Quantity = Fixed Cost / Contribution Margin (per unit) Where, Contribution Margin = Sales – Variable Cost Graphical Representation Graphically, breakeven points can also be identified with the help of the following diagram, where it can be observed that the point of intersection between lines OA and BC where line OA describes the normal sales level and BC denotes the total cost of the product comprising both variable and fixed costs. The point Q denotes the breakeven quantity. It is important to note that at point P, the firm is neither incurring any loss nor generating any profit and that is the breakeven point for the sales level. Reasons for Breakeven Analysis There are different reasons due to which business managers are keen to undertake this analysis such that future planning of operating activities, setting sales objectives, avoiding losses, estimating sales and costs forecasts etc. All these reasons are discussed as under: Future Planning Breakeven analysis helps business managers in undergoing rigorous future planning about the different products. By virtue of this analysis, some products are removed from the product line which can no longer generate profits, some of the products are added in as they have the capacity to generate some profits. At the same time some existing products are also continued with as their breakeven analysis provides them the likelihood of earning some profits. Setting Sales Objectives In order to motivate the sales force, breakeven analysis is conducted and then sales force is provided some targets to achieve. As per meeting the different levels of target sales, the company’s profits increase at the same time it adds up more rewards to the sales force. Avoiding Losses The next major reason f or the breakeven analysis is the avoidance of losses. Since the most preferred objective of a company is to avoid losses at any costs, therefore the business managers, conduct this analysis which reveals as which product can be sold in what quantities in order to establish different quantity levels of sales. If a given product’s breakeven quantity is too high and the company does not realize that this much quantity they can actually sold, it means that product will surly incur some losses. So it is